Resource Management in Cloud and Tactile-Capable Next-Generation Optical Access Networks

Joelle Neaime; Ahmad R. Dhaini

doi:10.1364/JOCN.10.000902

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 10,
Issue 11,
pp. 902-914
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.10.000902

Resource Management in Cloud and Tactile-Capable Next-Generation Optical Access Networks

Joelle Neaime and Ahmad R. Dhaini

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Joelle Neaime and Ahmad R. Dhaini, "Resource Management in Cloud and Tactile-Capable Next-Generation Optical Access Networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 10, 902-914 (2018)

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Abstract

This paper introduces OCLDN, an agile, programmable, and scalable optical cloud distribution network, which exploits content distribution networks to deliver killer cloud and tactile services to end users at very high speeds, ultra-low latency, and low cost. With OCLDN, a software-defined-networking-based mini-cloud data center is installed at the central office of a next-generation passive optical network, which includes a cloud-based tactile steering server, and supports all types of cloud applications. These applications have stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements and, thus, require a fast, adaptive, and effective bandwidth allocation mechanism. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a new dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation (DWBA) scheme that meets the QoS requirements of tactile services via dedicating it upstream wavelength(s), and also enables inter-channel statistical multiplexing so as to maximize the network throughput without impairing the QoS requirements for all types of services. Extensive simulations demonstrate the ability of the proposed DWBA to outperform existing schemes, and highlight its effectiveness in meeting the QoS demands for tactile and non-tactile services.

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			QoS Requirements
	Service Type	Example Applications	Data Bit Rate	One-Way End-to-End Delay	CoS Priority
Cloud services	Tactile	Telesurgery	10–100 Mb/s	$\leq 0.5 ms$ (Up. data + Down. steering/control)	1
	Tactile	Virtual reality	10–100 Mb/s	$\leq 0.5 ms$ (Up. data + Down. steering/control)	1
	Advanced	Ultra HD video streaming	25–600 Mb/s	$< 100 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	2
	Advanced	High-frequency stock trading	25–600 Mb/s	$< 100 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	2
	Intermediate	Voice over LTE	25–34 Mb/s	100–159 (User-to-cloud)	4
	Intermediate	HD video streaming	25–34 Mb/s	100–159 (User-to-cloud)	4
	Basic	Music streaming	1–5 Mb/s	$\geq 160 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	5
	Basic	Cloud-based learning management system	1–5 Mb/s	$\geq 160 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	5
Legacy data services	Voice—constant bit rate (CBR)	Voice over IP	4–128 Kb/s	100–150 ms (Access delay)	3
	Voice—constant bit rate (CBR)	Audio conferencing	4–128 Kb/s	100–150 ms (Access delay)	3
	Video—variable bit rate (VBR)	Video streaming	20 Kb/s–6 Mb/s	150–250 ms (Access delay)	4
	Video—variable bit rate (VBR)	Video conferencing	20 Kb/s–6 Mb/s	150–250 ms (Access delay)	4
	Best effort (BE)	Email	Minimum throughput		6
	Best effort (BE)	Web browsing	Minimum throughput		6

Notation	Description
$N$	Set of ONUs ${1, \dots, i, \dots, j, \dots, \| N \|}$
$P$	Set of priority queues ${1, \dots, p, \dots, q, \dots, \| P \|}$
$M$	Set of wavelengths ${λ_{1}, \dots, λ_{k}, \dots, λ_{h}, \dots, λ_{\| M \|}}$
$Λ_{i}$	Set of wavelengths supported by ONU $i$ , $Λ_{i} \subseteq M$
$d$	Distance between ONU and OLT (in km)
$D_{p}^{\max}$	Maximum delay for priority $p$ packets (in seconds)
$R_{i, p}$	Requested bandwidth (in bytes) for priority $p$ traffic of ONU $i$
$t_{i, p, k}$	Instant start time for priority $p$ traffic of ONU $i$ , on $λ_{k}$
$L_{i, p, k}$	Allocated transmission window length (in seconds) for priority $p$ traffic of ONU $i$ , on $λ_{k}$
$Q_{i, p}$	Queuing delay of traffic priority $p$ at ONU $i$ (in seconds)
$t_{h}^{str}$	Dynamically updated transmission start time of channel $λ_{h}$
$V_{i, q}$	Set of wavelengths to be allocated for ONU $i$ tactile ( $T$ ) or non-tactile ( $N T$ ) priority traffic
$B_{cycle}$	Cycle length (in bytes) per wavelength
$T_{prop}$	Propagation time (in seconds)
$T_{trans}^{data}$	Data packet transmission time in the upstream direction
$T_{trans}^{ctrl}$	Transmission time of the control/steering packet in the downstream direction (in seconds)
$T_{trans}^{REPORT}$	REPORT packet transmission time (in seconds)
$T_{trans}^{GATE}$	GATE packet transmission time (in seconds)
$T_{proc}$	Packet processing time (in seconds)
$T_{core}$	Additional time incurred on cloud packets for contacting a cloud server in the core network (in seconds)
$ρ$	Hit rate at the CDN server, i.e., the percentage of requests served by the CO’s servers
$α$	Maximum number of bytes that can be sent over channel $λ_{T}$
$L$	Maximum load that would sustain the tactile traffic delay constraint
RTT	Round trip time (in seconds)
$T_{c}$	Default polling cycle time (in seconds)
$C$	Upstream transmission capacity (in bps)
$T_{g}$	Guard time (in seconds)

Upstream Speed (Gbps)		1				2.5				5				10				100
Number of ONUs		4	8	16	32	4	8	16	32	4	8	16	32	4	8	16	32	4	8	16	32
Distance (km)	1	0.2	0.1	–	–	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.4
	5	0.1	0.1	–	–	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4
	10	0.1	0.1	–	–	0.1	0.1	0.1	–	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.3
	25	–	–	–	–	0.1	–	–	–	0.3	0.2	–	–	0.4	0.2	–	–	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.1

Class of Service	Scenario 1	Scenario 2	Scenario 3
Constant bit rate (CBR)	2.52%	1.40%	0.28%
Variable bit rate (VBR)	5.04%	2.80%	0.56%
Best effort (BE)	5.04%	2.80%	0.56%
Basic cloud (CL-B)	19.35%	10.75%	2.15%
Intermediate cloud (CL-I)	40.95%	22.75%	4.55%
Advanced cloud (CL-A)	17.10%	9.50%	1.90%
Tactile cloud (CL-T)	10%	50%	90%

			QoS Requirements
	Service Type	Example Applications	Data Bit Rate	One-Way End-to-End Delay	CoS Priority
Cloud services	Tactile	Telesurgery	10–100 Mb/s	$\leq 0.5 ms$ (Up. data + Down. steering/control)	1
	Tactile	Virtual reality	10–100 Mb/s	$\leq 0.5 ms$ (Up. data + Down. steering/control)	1
	Advanced	Ultra HD video streaming	25–600 Mb/s	$< 100 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	2
	Advanced	High-frequency stock trading	25–600 Mb/s	$< 100 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	2
	Intermediate	Voice over LTE	25–34 Mb/s	100–159 (User-to-cloud)	4
	Intermediate	HD video streaming	25–34 Mb/s	100–159 (User-to-cloud)	4
	Basic	Music streaming	1–5 Mb/s	$\geq 160 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	5
	Basic	Cloud-based learning management system	1–5 Mb/s	$\geq 160 ms$ (User-to-cloud)	5
Legacy data services	Voice—constant bit rate (CBR)	Voice over IP	4–128 Kb/s	100–150 ms (Access delay)	3
	Voice—constant bit rate (CBR)	Audio conferencing	4–128 Kb/s	100–150 ms (Access delay)	3
	Video—variable bit rate (VBR)	Video streaming	20 Kb/s–6 Mb/s	150–250 ms (Access delay)	4
	Video—variable bit rate (VBR)	Video conferencing	20 Kb/s–6 Mb/s	150–250 ms (Access delay)	4
	Best effort (BE)	Email	Minimum throughput		6
	Best effort (BE)	Web browsing	Minimum throughput		6

Abstract

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking