Abstract

A simplified direct measurement of half-wave voltage ( $V_\pi$ ) based on the optical modulator third harmonic distortions to sinusoidal signals in opposite phase is proposed and performed for a quadrature Mach–Zehnder optical modulator. Experimental results are obtained from dc up to $11\,\text{GHz}$ . The tested device $V_\pi$ value is 2.4 V for dc increasing to 3.8 V at $10\,\text{GHz}$ . A linear extrapolation predicts that $V_\pi$ will be close to 10.5 V at $40\,\text{GHz}$ , which is equivalent to the first harmonic for a $80\,\text{GBd}$ transmission rate based on QPSK modulation.

© 2016 IEEE

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