X-ray verification of an optically aligned off-plane grating module

Benjamin D. Donovan; Randall L. McEntaffer; James H. Tutt; Casey T. DeRoo; Ryan Allured; Jessica A. Gaskin; Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak

doi:10.1364/AO.57.000454

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 3,
pp. 454-464
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.000454

X-ray verification of an optically aligned off-plane grating module

Benjamin D. Donovan, Randall L. McEntaffer, James H. Tutt, Casey T. DeRoo, Ryan Allured, Jessica A. Gaskin, and Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak

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Benjamin D. Donovan, Randall L. McEntaffer, James H. Tutt, Casey T. DeRoo, Ryan Allured, Jessica A. Gaskin, and Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, "X-ray verification of an optically aligned off-plane grating module," Appl. Opt. 57, 454-464 (2018)

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Table of Contents Category
- Diffraction and Gratings
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 18, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: December 11, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: December 12, 2017
- Published: January 17, 2018

Abstract

Off-plane x-ray reflection gratings are theoretically capable of achieving high resolution and high diffraction efficiencies over the soft x-ray bandpass, making them an ideal technology to implement on upcoming x-ray spectroscopy missions. To achieve high effective area, these gratings must be aligned into grating modules. X-ray testing was performed on an aligned grating module to assess the current optical alignment methods. Results indicate that the grating module achieved the desired alignment for an upcoming x-ray spectroscopy suborbital rocket payload with modest effective area and resolving power. These tests have also outlined a pathway towards achieving the stricter alignment tolerances of future x-ray spectrometer payloads, which require improvements in alignment metrology, grating fabrication, and testing techniques.

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Corrections

17 January 2018: A typographical correction was made to paragraph 1 in section 1.

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Grating	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch
#1	$12.5 \pm {10.7}^{''}$	$5.7 \pm {17.7}^{''}$
#2	$- 1.8 \pm {17.8}^{''}$	$8.3 \pm {24.4}^{''}$
#3	$5.2 \pm {21.4}^{''}$	$- 6.7 \pm {34.1}^{''}$
#4	$- 16.0 \pm {33.6}^{''}$	$- 7.2 \pm {17.9}^{''}$
Roll
#1	$- 50.0 \pm {96.8}^{''}$	$- 46.1 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#2	$- 7.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$- 19.6 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#3	$6.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$13.3 \pm {92.7}^{''}$
#4	$51.1 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$52.4 \pm {92.3}^{''}$
Yaw
#1	$- 150.3 \pm {59.2}^{''}$	$- 130.9 \pm {86.4}^{''}$
#2	$1.3 \pm {83.1}^{''}$	$37.2 \pm {168.5}^{''}$
#3	$131.2 \pm {32.9}^{''}$	$193.2 \pm {54.7}^{''}$
#4	$17.8 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$- 99.5 \pm {49.5}^{''}$

Degree of Freedom	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch	$12.1 \pm {15.5}^{''}$	$8.1 \pm {14.2}^{''}$
Roll	$41.7 \pm {45.4}^{''}$	$42.5 \pm {43.6}^{''}$
Yaw	$115.6 \pm {28.9}^{''}$	$148.1 \pm {39.2}^{''}$

Degree of Freedom	Uncertainty
$X$	130 μm
$Y$	26 μm
$Z$	15 μm
Pitch	${5.4}^{''}$
Roll	${12.5}^{''}$
Yaw	${3.5}^{''}$

Degree of Freedom	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch	$11.5 \pm {15.6}^{''}$	$7.4 \pm {14.2}^{''}$
Roll	$41.7 \pm {45.4}^{''}$	$42.5 \pm {43.6}^{''}$
Yaw	$113.0 \pm {28.8}^{''}$	$144.8 \pm {38.9}^{''}$

Grating	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch
#1	$12.5 \pm {10.7}^{''}$	$5.7 \pm {17.7}^{''}$
#2	$- 1.8 \pm {17.8}^{''}$	$8.3 \pm {24.4}^{''}$
#3	$5.2 \pm {21.4}^{''}$	$- 6.7 \pm {34.1}^{''}$
#4	$- 16.0 \pm {33.6}^{''}$	$- 7.2 \pm {17.9}^{''}$
Roll
#1	$- 50.0 \pm {96.8}^{''}$	$- 46.1 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#2	$- 7.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$- 19.6 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#3	$6.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$13.3 \pm {92.7}^{''}$
#4	$51.1 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$52.4 \pm {92.3}^{''}$
Yaw
#1	$- 150.3 \pm {59.2}^{''}$	$- 130.9 \pm {86.4}^{''}$
#2	$1.3 \pm {83.1}^{''}$	$37.2 \pm {168.5}^{''}$
#3	$131.2 \pm {32.9}^{''}$	$193.2 \pm {54.7}^{''}$
#4	$17.8 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$- 99.5 \pm {49.5}^{''}$

Abstract

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Figures (11)

Tables (4)

Equations (3)

Applied Optics