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Design of three-dimensional superresolution filters and limits of axial optical superresolution

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Abstract

Theories to design a three-dimensional superresolution filter (TDSF) for confocal microscopy are proposed that can obtain a globally optimal solution through linear programming. The designed TDSF is proved to be a phase-only element introducing a phase delay of 0 or π. Five design examples of the TDSF are presented to demonstrate the validity of these theories. Regardless of transverse superresolution, a curve of S eu(G a ±) defined as the maximum value of Strehl ratio S under the axial resolving power of G a ± is calculated to set the fundamental limits of axial optical superresolution. Finally, what is to our knowledge a novel analytic expression of S eu(G a ±) is deduced.

© 2003 Optical Society of America

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