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Stress distributions in the cross section of a polarization-preserving fiber coupler

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Abstract

The differential stress profile and the principal stress trajectory in a fused cross-sectional area of a polarization-reserving fiber coupler have been measured for couplers fabricated with three different alignments of highly birefringent fibers. The stress profiles are found to be effective for preserving linear polarizations through the coupling region in those fiber couplers fabricated with slow-to-slow and fast-to-fast axes alignments of the fibers. For the coupler with slow-to-fast axes alignment, the differential stresses for two waveguide regions is seen from the stress measurement to be the opposite. The experimental result suggests that a nonzero propagation constant difference exists between the coupled modes for the coupler with slow-to-fast axes alignment. As a result, coupling efficiency of this coupler is less than that of those couplers with identical axes alignment of the birefringent fibers.

© 1986 Optical Society of America

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