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Optica Publishing Group
  • Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
  • OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1995),
  • paper QThG14

Observation of rectified forces in a three- level cascade system

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Abstract

Rectified dipole forces1 offer the possibility of providing deep potential wells for neutral atoms. In the intense standing wave, a two-level atom can experience a large dipole force due to the large intensity gradient. However, this force changes sign on the optical wavelength scale, preventing the formation of deep potential wells. If a second, nearly commensurate, standing wave is added, its ac Stark shift causes the effective detuning of the first field to vary on the optical wavelength scale. The resulting change in sign of the detuning can counteract the change in sign of the intensity gradient, causing the force to maintain its sign over many wavelengths (i.e., the force becomes rectified), thereby forming a deep potential well. This rectified force is periodic with the beat wavelength between the two laser fields. In a three-level atom the same basic mechanism applies, but with the advantage that the two frequencies of the bichromatic standing wave can now be tuned dose to resonance with the two transitions of the atom.

© 1995 Optical Society of America

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