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Densification of fused silica due to shock waves and its implications for 351 nm laser induced damage

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Abstract

High-power 351 nm (3ω) laser pulses can produce damaged areas in high quality fused silica optics. Recent experiments have shown the presence of a densified layer at the bottom of damage initiation craters. We have studied the propagation of shock waves through fused silica using large-scale atomistic simulations since such shocks are expected to accompany laser energy deposition. These simulations show that the shocks induce structural transformations in the material that persist long after the shock has dissipated. Values of densification and thickness of densified layer agree with experimental observations. Moreover, our simulations give an atomistic description of the structural changes in the material due to shock waves and their relation to Raman spectra measurements.

©2001 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1:
Fig. 1: Initial simulation set up. Colors represent coordination of silicon atoms, with grey being 4-fold corrdinated and yellow are 3-fold coordinated Si atoms.
Fig. 2:
Fig. 2: Velocity profiles for (a) 0.75 km/s and (b) 2.5 km/s pistons at different times.
Fig. 3:
Fig. 3: Velocities of shock waves as a function of piston velocity for two simulations (squares and filled circles) and experimental measurements (triangles)
Fig.4:
Fig.4: Simulation (a) after shock, and (b) after relaxation showing the coordination of Si atoms. Gray are 4-fold coordinated, yellow 3-fold and green 5-fold. Movie of (a) (0.7Mb).
Fig. 5:
Fig. 5: Ring size statistics before and after shock
Fig. 6:
Fig. 6: Simulation (a) before, (b) after shock and (c) after relaxation showing rings of sizes 3 and 4 in magenta and the rings of size 10 and larger in yellow. Movie for shock propagation, (a) to (b) (0.7 Mb)
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