Abstract

The penetration of integrated services to the residence is accelerating the demand of wide bandwidth, fast data rate and quality of service. The carrier network that touches the customer’s premises is called the access network, which supports different services, topologies and technologies. Popular topologies for broadband services include Optical point-to-point or Passive Optical Network (PON), Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) with various fiber penetrations, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) and Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) over existing twisted pair.

© 2002 Optical Society of America