Abstract
The performance and measurement of the single-mode optical fiber (SMF) systems can be affected by the presence of reflections and their interference effects that may occur at fiber joints such as connectors and splices.1,2 To reduce these effects, fiber joints are designed to have physical contact,1 are index matched, or have tilted endfaces. In fiber joints designed for endface contact, an air gap between fiber endfaces may still exist due to either the nonperpendicularity of endfaces or the presence of contaminants or design tolerances. Also, in convex-polished connectors, physical contact may occur away from the core region due to off-axis polishing.
© 1987 Optical Society of America
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