Abstract
The accuracy of the conventional finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) [1] is degraded in the analysis of wide-angle propagation because the paraxial approximation is employed. To avoid this degradation, Hadley [2] proposed the technique using Pade approximant operators for the FD-BPM based on the Crank-Nicholson (CN) scheme.
© 1995 Optical Society of America
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