Abstract
An essential requirement for any quantum computing architecture is the existence of a universal set of quantum gates. Examples of such sets are the 2-qubit CNOT [1,2] gate in combination with arbitrary 1-qubit gates, and the 3-qubit Toffoli gate [3, 4] together with the 1-qubit Hadamard. A third set, which has not been implemented so far, is Valiant's 2-qubit matchgate G(A,B) which is universal with the SWAP operation [5], The Valiant gate has the fonn:
© 2009 IEEE
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