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Heterodyne interference microscopy for non-invasive cell morphometry

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Abstract

This paper describes two setups suitable for interference microscopy for high resolution morphological measurements on living cells in culture medium. The first system incorporated a PZT actuator in the reference path of a Mach Zehnder configuration to facilitate digital phase-stepping interferometry. The second system employed two phase-locked acoustooptic modulators to generate a temporal optical carrier to allow a heterodyne approach to phase demodulation. This setup incorporated a digital CMOS camera with full random pixel access which allowed the heterodyne approach to be implemented as a full-field method without any need for electromechanical scanning. The heterodyne approach offers benefits over the phase-stepping method in terms of measurement resolution and speed, typically offering the equivalent of nanometer resolution for cell height measurements with a bandwidth in the order of 200–300 Hz for 1000 pixels. Results for morphological measurements using both systems on red blood cells and keratinocytes are presented.

© 2007 SPIE

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