Author Affiliations

Nurul T. Islam,^1,* Charles Ci Wen Lim,² Clinton Cahall,³ Bing Qi,⁴ Jungsang Kim,^3,5 and Daniel J. Gauthier⁶

¹Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA

²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore

³Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA

⁴Quantum Information Science Group, Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6418, USA

⁵IonQ, Inc., College Park, MD 20740, USA

⁶Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA

^*Corresponding author: nti3@duke.edu