Abstract
Currently, there are two x-ray free-electron laser facilities in operation: the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in the U.S. and the SPring-8 Ångstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) at RIKEN Spring-8 Center in Japan. These facilities produce high-intensity x-ray pulses at photon energies ranging from many hundreds of eV to about 10 keV, with pulse durations as short as a few femtoseconds. Key applications of x-ray free-electron lasers include high-resolution structure determination of complex biomolecules and time-resolved imaging of atomic motions in chemical processes. Particularly the former class of applications relies on the extremely high number of photons contained in a single x-ray free-electron laser pulse. Roughly speaking, the peak intensity available at LCLS and SACLA exceeds that of storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation sources by about nine orders of magnitude. For this reason, the behavior of matter exposed to radiation pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser must be expected to differ substantially from the behavior observed at storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation sources.
© 2013 IEEE
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