Abstract
Visible vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes are attractive for many emerging applications, such as scanning, display, and data links utilizing inexpensive plastic fiber. For the latter, VCSEL operation at 650 nm is optimal, due to the relative minimum attenuation in plastic fiber at this wavelength. Although pulsed lasing has been achieved at wavelengths less than 640 nm,1 continuous wave operation of visible VCSELs has been restricted to wavelengths greater than 656 nm,2 with the best performance at 670-690 nm.3
© 1995 Optical Society of America
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