Abstract
Surface-emitting losers are of great interest for optica) computing and optical interconnections. Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) have been fabricated with threshold current below 1 mA; however, very low wall plug efficiency and maximum cw output power have been reported due to the voltage drop in the p-top mirror and the inherent requirement for very high cavity finesse.
© 1993 Optical Society of America
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