Abstract
Upconversion pumping of solid state lasers has been of increasing interest in recent years, since it allows laser operation at shorter wavelengths (eg., the blue) with a longer wavelength pump (e.g., the red or infrared). Pumping at longer wavelengths allows diode lasers to be used, and also avoids the possibility of defect formation associated with ultra-violet excitation. Tm3+ is of particular interest as the active ion because of its widely spaced energy levels throughout the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet. Upconversion lasers based on "Tm3+ have now been demonstrated both in bulk crystals1,2 and in glass fibers.3–5
© 1993 Optical Society of America
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