Abstract

In this paper, we have cultured normal epithelial cells (HaCaT) as analytes to detect the sensitivity of a biosensor based on Fano resonance metamaterials (FRMMs). The frequency shift $\mathrm{\Delta }f$ of the transmission spectrum was experimentally measured at three different concentrations ($0.2\times {10}^5$, $0.5\times {10}^5$, and $5\times {10}^5\mathrm{cell}/\mathrm{ml}$) of HaCaT cells. By employing the FRMMs-based biosensor, the detection concentration of HaCaT cells can approximately arrive at $0.2\times {10}^5\mathrm{cell}/\mathrm{ml}$; further, the corresponding $\mathrm{\Delta }f$ is 25 GHz, which reaches the measurement limit of the THz–TDS system. Additionally, the increase of HaCaT cell concentration causes a different redshift of $\mathrm{\Delta }f$ from 24–50 GHz, and the maximum of $\mathrm{\Delta }f$ can reach 50 GHz when the HaCaT cell concentration is at $5\times {10}^5$ cell/ml. Similarly, the simulated results show that the $\mathrm{\Delta }f$ depends on the numbers of analytes with a semiball shape and the refractive index of analytes. The theoretical sensitivity was calculated to be 481 GHz/RIU. The proposed FRMMs-based biosensor paves a fascinating platform for biological and biomedical applications and may become a valuable complementary reference for traditional biological research.

© 2019 Optical Society of America

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