Author Affiliations

Zachary W. Fox,¹ Amy Cordones-Hahn,² Kasper S. Kjær,² James D. Gaynor,¹ Kiryong Hong,² Jae Hyuk Lee,³ Julia Carlstad,¹ Marco Reinhard,² Seunghee Lee,⁴ Roberto Alonso-Mori,⁵ Matthieu Chollet,⁵ Thomas Kroll,⁶ James M. Glownia,⁵ Tae Kyu Kim,⁴ Amity Andersen,⁷ Yu Zhang,⁸ Shaul Mukamel,⁸ Niranjan Govind,⁷ Robert W. Schoenlein,^2,5 and Munira Khalil¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.

²Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.

³Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

⁴Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.

⁵Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.

⁶Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.

⁷Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

⁸Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.