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Three dimensional polarization sensitive OCT of human skin in vivo

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Abstract

We present three dimensional images of backscattered intensity, and to the best of our knowledge, the first 3D-images of retardation and fast axis orientation of human skin in vivo. The images were recorded with a phase resolved, polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) system which is based on a fast transversal scanning of the sample. The three dimensional data sets were obtained by recording several en face images at different depths within the sample. Intensity and retardation images are combined to a 4 dimensional animation to enhance the visualization of the three dimensional data set. The three dimensional information enables a more accurate interpretation of the structural and birefringence information as compared to 2 dimensional B-scans. Birefringence properties of different skin regions are presented and discussed.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (3)

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Scanning scheme of the transversal OCT system.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. X-Z image of a human fingertip in vivo obtained from a 3 dimensional data set. a) intensity image, b) retardation (blue δ=0°, red δ=90°), c) cumulative fast axis orientation (blue Θ=-90°, red Θ=+90°) (only values above a certain intensity threshold are displayed). d) and e) same section as in b) and c) with increased threshold. (Each image covers an area of 1.8×1mm2)
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Animation of a 3 dimensional volume rendered data set obtained from a human fingertip in vivo. The opacity corresponds to the backscattered intensity, the retardation corresponds to the color coding (Blue δ=0°, red δ=90°, only values above a certain intensity threshold are displayed) (size 500kB) (the image covers a volume of 1.8×2×1mm3)
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Frame no.20 of movie showing several en-face images of a 3D data set of a human fingertip in vivo at different depth positions. Upper left: intensity image of a B-scan (x-z) (yellow line corresponds to the depth position of the en face images), upper right: en face (x-y) intensity image, lower left: en face cumulative fast axis orientation image (blue Θ=-90°, red Θ=+90°), lower right: en face retardation image (blue δ=0°, red δ=90°) The yellow (black) lines correspond to the B-scan position.(size 1MB) (The data set consists of a volume of 1.8×2×1mm3)
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Frame no.20 of movie showing several en-face images of the back of human hand in vivo at different depth positions. Upper left: intensity image of a B-scan (yellow line corresponds to the depth position of the en face images), upper right: intensity image, lower left: cumulative fast axis orientation (blue Θ=-90°, red Θ=+90°), lower right: retardation (blue δ=0°, red δ=90°). The yellow (black) line corresponds to the B-scan position. (Size 1MB)(The data set consists of a volume of 1.8×2×1mm3)
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. B-scans obtained from a three dimensional data set (same data set as in Fig. 5) of the back of a human hand. a) retardation (blue δ=0°, red δ=90°), b) cumulative fast axis orientation (blue Θ=-90°, red Θ=+90°) The position of the B-scan is indicated as a black line in Fig. 5 (each image covers an area of 1.8×1mm2)

Equations (3)

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R ( z ) A 1 2 ( z ) + A 2 2 ( z ) ,
δ ( z ) = arctan ( A 2 ( z ) A 1 ( z ) ) .
θ = ( 180 ° Δ Φ ) 2 .
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