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Real-time phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography

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Abstract

We have developed a novel real-time phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical Doppler tomography (ODT) system using optical Hilbert transformation. By combining circularly polarized reference and linearly polarized sample signals, in-phase and quadrature interference components are produced in separate channels and treated as the real and imaginary parts of a complex signal to obtain the phase information directly. Using a resonant scanner at an axial scanning speed of 4 kHz in the reference arm of the interferometer, both structure and blood flow velocity images with 200 axial scans can be acquired at 20 frames per second with high sensitivity and large dynamic range. Real-time videos of in vivo blood flow in the chick chorioallantoic membrane using this interferometer are presented.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (2)

Media 1: AVI (1066 KB)     
Media 2: AVI (726 KB)     

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Figures (6)

Fig. fig01
Fig. fig01
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed quadrature interferometer for optical Hilbert transformation. BS: non-polarizing beam splitter, PBS: polarizing beam splitter.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental phase-resolved OCT/ODT system that implements a quadrature interferometer for optical Hilbert transformation. Ports A-E: pigtailed fiber ports; P1–P3: linear polarizers; QWP: quarter-wave plate; BS: non-polarizing beam splitter; PBS: polarizing beam splitter; RSOD: rapid scanning optical delay line; PC: polarization controller; DPD1 and DPD2: differential photo-detectors with preamplifiers.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. In vitro imaging of the flowing intralipid in a glass conduit. OCT image (A) and ODT image (B) using optical Hilbert transformation; OCT image (A′) and ODT image (B′) using digital Hilbert transformation.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Recordings (1.04 MB) of real-time in vivo OCT/ODT images (100 ×50 pixels) of two veins in the CAM.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Recordings (726 KB) of real-time in vivo OCT/ODT images (100 ×80 pixels) of one vein and one artery in the CAM.

Equations (24)

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Γ ( t ) = + f ( v ) exp ( 2 πjvt ) dv
f ( v ) = T + T Γ ( t ) exp ( 2 πjvt ) dt
Γ ( t ) = 2 Re [ 0 + f ( v ) exp ( 2 πjvt ) dv ]
f ( v ) a ( v ) exp [ ( v ) ]
Γ ( t ) = 2 0 + a ( v ) cos [ 2 πvt + α ( v ) ] dv
Γ ( t ) = 2 0 + a ( v ) sin [ 2 πvt + α ( v ) ] dv
Γ ( t ) = 1 π PV ( + Γ ( τ ) τ t )
Γ ( t ) = + [ j sgn ( v ) ] f ( v ) exp ( 2 πjvt ) dv
Γ ˜ ( t ) = A ( t ) exp [ ( t ) ] = Γ ( t ) + j Γ ( t )
Γ ˜ ( t ) = A ( t ) exp [ ( t ) ] = 2 0 + f ( v ) exp ( 2 πjvt ) dv
H ( v ) = { 0 v < 0 1 v 0
E s = ( x + y ) t s a ( t s ) exp [ ( t s ) ] v e ̂ ( v ) exp [ j 2 πv ( t t s ) ] dvd t s ,
E r = ( x + j y ) R v e ̂ ( v ) exp [ j 2 πv ( t t r ) j 2 π v C t ] dv .
I ¯ x = I s + I r + A ( t ) cos [ 2 π v C t + ϕ ( t ) ] ,
I ¯ y = I s + I r + A ( t ) sin [ 2 π v C t + ϕ ( t ) ] .
I s = t s a ( t s ) exp [ j ϕ ( t s ) ] v e ̂ ( v ) exp [ j 2 πv ( t t s ) ] dv dt s 2
I r = R v e ̂ ( v ) exp [ j 2 πv ( t t r ) j 2 π v C t ] dv 2
A ( t ) exp [ ( t ) ] 2 R t s a ( t s ) exp [ ( t s ) ] v e ̂ ( v ) 2 exp [ j 2 πv ( t r t s ) ] dvd t s
= 2 R t s a ( t s ) exp [ ( t s ) ] G ( t r t s ) d t s
= 2 Ra ( t ) exp [ ( t ) ] G ( t )
Γ ˜ ( t ) = I x + j I y = A ( t ) exp [ j 2 πv C t + ( t ) ]
S x ( t ) I x ( t ) = A ( t ) cos ϕ ( t ) ,
S y ( t ) I y ( t ) = A ( t ) sin ϕ ( t ) .
Γ ˜ ( t ) = S x ( t ) + j S y ( t ) = A ( t ) exp [ ( t ) ]
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