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Selective photonic printing based on anisotropic Fabry-Perot resonators for dual-image holography and anti-counterfeiting

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Abstract

We present the photonic printing that can display different color images depending on the optical polarization of incident light. The dynamic selection among different images becomes possible by using anisotropic Fabry-Perot resonators that incorporate a layer of liquid crystal molecules aligned by directional molecular registration (DMR) as polarization-dependent color pixels. Using the new device platform, we demonstrate a prototype of an anticounterfeiting label with inherent anti-replicability that results from the molecular-level origin of security images. In addition, this concept is extended to polarization-selective holography. Our molecular-level approach enables to develop a new class of security labels and holographic storage media.

© 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Device structure and optical properties. (a) Schematic illustration of a Fabry-Perot resonator having a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) layer inside the resonant cavity. (b) The definition of the polarization angle of θ with respect to the LCP director. (c) Optical transmittance in the visible range for θ from 0° to 90° at the interval of 15° upon the normal incidence of broadband light. (d) Microscope images of different colors for θ from 0° to 90° at the interval of 22.5°. Scale bars represent 500 µm.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Polarization-dependent quick-response (QR) code. Schematic illustrations of (a) randomly generated QR codes, A and B, and (b) three different sets of the QR images decomposed from QR codes, A and B, for recording. (c) Recording conditions of the polarization states (θDMR) for three different sets of the QR images. (d) Reading conditions of the polarization states (θOUT) of incident broadband light for reconstructing the original QR codes, A and B, separately. Microscopic images of the recorded polarization-dependent QR images upon the incidence of (e) unpolarized light, (f) polarized light parallel to the directions of the DMR for recording, and (g) polarized light according to the reading conditions (or along the bisectional directions between two adjacent directions of the DMR) for the QR codes, A and B, given in (d). In all cases, scale bars represent 1 cm.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Recording and reading Fourier-transformed patterns. (a) Schematic illustration of recording the Fourier transformed patterns of the original images, ‘A’ and ‘B’, and reconstructing them. (b) Fourier transformed patterns of ‘A’ and (c) the corresponding microscopic image observed at the reading polarization angle of θOUT = 60°. (d) Fourier transformed patterns of ‘B’ and (e) the corresponding microscopic image observed at θOUT = 0°. (f) The values of the normalized intensity in red channel for A-C, B-C, and C as a function of θOUT. Two grey bands in (f) denote the ranges of the reading polarization angle for ‘A’ and ‘B’ at which the images of ‘A’ and ‘B’ were reconstructed and discernable with high contrast. In (c) and (e), scale bars represent 300 µm.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Holographic image reconstruction. (a) Optical setup for reconstructing holographic images from Fourier-transformed patterns. Here, f represents the focal point of the Fourier lens. In addition, fx and fy denote the Cartesian axes in the Fourier space. Photographs showing the selection and reconstruction of one (in the complex or conjugate field) of two holographic images (of the zeroth order) at the reading polarization angle of (b) θOUT = 60° and (c) θOUT = 0°.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The peak wavelengths at the resonance orders from the third to the ninth in the Fabry-Perot resonator as a function of the thickness of the resonant cavity. Filled and open symbols represent the data for the input polarization parallel and perpendicular to the alignment direction of liquid crystal polymer molecules, respectively.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Microscopic images, comprising a color palette, for different values of the thickness of the resonant cavity. Scale bars represent 500 µm.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Chromaticity diagram (CIE 1931) showing the color coordinates of different samples presented in Fig. 6 (black dots). Red and blue squares represent the numerical results for Fabry-Perot resonators with thinner resonant cavities.

Tables (1)

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Table 1. Selective photonic printing technologies.

Equations (2)

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S ( ξ , η ) = 1 2 [ U ( ξ , η ) + U ( ξ , η ) ] ,
B ( ξ , η ) = { 1 , S ( ξ , η ) 0 0 , S ( ξ , η ) 0.
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