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Toward commercial realization of quantum dot based white light-emitting diodes for general illumination

Ken T. Shimizu, Marcel Böhmer, Daniel Estrada, Sumit Gangwal, Stefan Grabowski, Helmut Bechtel, Edward Kang, Kenneth J. Vampola, Danielle Chamberlin, Oleg B. Shchekin, and Jyoti Bhardwaj

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Abstract

We demonstrate the first commercial production–ready white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for the general illumination market with red colloidal quantum dots (QDs) applied in an on–chip configuration. We show the red QDs with tunable peak emission and narrow full width at half-maximum in combination with a conventional phosphor material can lead to LED conversion efficiency improvements of 5% to 15% over commercial phosphor based LEDs at correlated color temperatures (CCTs) ranging from 5000 to 2700 K. Furthermore, the challenges associated with reliability under high temperature, high blue flux intensity, and high humidity operation have been overcome to meet consumer market requirements. Finally, a demonstrator lamp at 3000 K color temperature and 90 color rendering index (CRI) with QD based LEDs show a larger efficiency gain up to 17%, attributed to the reduced blue LED droop from the lower drive current and the lower heat sink temperature when compared to a standard phosphor based LED lamp output.

© 2017 Chinese Laser Press

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. LUXEON 3535L HE Plus lead frame LED package was used for integrating and testing QDs in silicone resins.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Modeling results showcasing LE performance expectations based on a 40 nm FWHM red QD compared to red nitride based pcLED. (b) Experimentally measured QD based LED CE normalized to a commercial red nitride based pcLED at different CCT values.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Measured CE performance versus drive current and (b) color point shift comparison between red nitride phosphor and QD based LED at 3000 K, driven in DC mode and 85°C heatsink temperature.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Reliability of QD LEDs under 95°C and 200 mA HTOL conditions. (a) Light output maintenance and (b) color shift over 3000 h duration.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Reliability of QD LEDs under 60°C/90% RH WHTOL stress conditions. (a) Light output maintenance and (b) color shift over 1000 h duration.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. LED efficiency comparison between QD based LED and hybrid direct Red + pcWhite LED modules at different temperatures.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Normalized QE showcasing (a) thermal droop at 13 W/cm2 and (b) photoquenching comparison at 100°C between QD, broad red nitride, and SLA phosphor. Inset shows their respective emission spectra.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1. Simulated FWHM Dependence for LE at 3000 K and 90 CRI

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Table 2. External Testing Results of a QD Based LED and a pcLED Module on Printed Circuit Board

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