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Longitudinal elastic wave imaging using nanobomb optical coherence elastography: erratum

Chih-Hao Liu, Dmitry Nevozhay, Hongqiu Zhang, Susobhan Das, Alexander Schill, Manmohan Singh, Salavat Aglyamov, Konstantin V. Sokolov, and Kirill V. Larin

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Abstract

We present an erratum to correct an inadvertent error made during the calculations of the in-focus fluence of pulsed laser used to excite nanoparticles [Opt. Lett. 44, 3162 (2019) [CrossRef]  ] and to update the conclusion regarding laser safety limits achieved with this type of excitation.

© 2020 Optical Society of America

The pulsed laser fluence calculated at the beam focus was reported as $25.1\; {\rm mJ/cm}^2$ after accounting for optical attenuation [1]. However, the in-focus fluence should be $6.76\; {\rm J/cm}^2$, calculated as follows:

$$\begin{split}{F_{{\rm focus}}}& = {10^{\big({\frac{{- 1.8\frac{{{\rm dB}}}{{{\rm mm}}}*1.5\;{\rm mm}}}{{10}}} \big)}}*0.81\;{\rm mJ}/\pi {\left({45\;{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}} \right)^2}\\ & = 6.76\frac{{\rm J}}{{{{{\rm cm}}^2}}},\end{split}$$
where ${-}1.8 \frac{{{\rm dB}}}{{{\rm mm}}}$ is optical attenuation of the sample, 1.5 mm is the focal depth, 0.81 mJ is the laser fluence on the sample surface, and 45 µm is the radius of the focal spot. Please note that the previously mentioned calculations are made assuming a non-Gaussian beam profile that is supported by the experimental data presented in the original manuscript. Therefore, the corrected in-focus laser fluence is above the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) for skin and, thus, cannot be used in human studies. Our future work will aim at improving the optical excitation as well as designing nanoparticles to adhere to the laser safety limit.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (1R01HL130804, 1R21CA231561, 2R01EY022362).

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to Paul Boerner for discovering this error.

REFERENCE

1. C.-H. Liu, D. Nevozhay, H. Zhang, S. Das, A. Schill, M. Singh, S. Aglyamov, K. V. Sokolov, and K. V. Larin, Opt. Lett. 44, 3162 (2019). [CrossRef]  

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Equations (1)

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F f o c u s = 10 ( − 1.8 d B m m ∗ 1.5 m m 10 ) ∗ 0.81 m J / π ( 45 µ m ) 2 = 6.76 J c m 2 ,
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