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Programmable, high-speed, adaptive optics partially confocal multi-spot ophthalmoscope using a digital micromirror device

Soohyun Lee, Stacey S. Choi, Ratheesh K. Meleppat, Robert J. Zawadzki, and Nathan Doble

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Abstract

A high-speed, adaptive optics partially confocal multi-spot ophthalmoscope (AO-pcMSO) using a digital micromirror device (DMD) in the illumination channel and a fast 2D CMOS camera is described. The camera is synchronized with the DMD allowing projection of multiple, simultaneous AO-corrected spots onto the human retina. Spatial filtering on each raw retinal image before reconstruction works as an array virtual pinholes. A frame acquisition rate of 250 fps is achieved by applying this parallel projection scheme. The contrast improves by 2–3 fold when compared to a standard flood illumination architecture. Partially confocal images of the human retina show cone and rod photoreceptors over a range of retinal eccentricities.

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Supplementary Material (3)

NameDescription
Visualization 1       Reconstructed composite frames scanned with step size of three mirror elements, i.e. same as spot size, showing the clearly visible grid pattern caused by gaps between each mirror element. Video runs at 222 fps, same as composite frame acquisition ra
Visualization 2       Retinal images of N3 at 4° NR focused on photoreceptor layer, retinal vessel, and nerve fiber layer, respectively, with illumination fill factor of (a)-(c) 1, (d)-(f) 0.25, and (g)-(i) 0.11. The grayscale is adjusted for each image so that the top 0
Visualization 3       Retinal images for N3 at 4° NR focused on photoreceptor layer, retinal vessel, and nerve fiber layer, respectively, with illumination fill factors of (a)-(c) 1, (d)-(f) 0.25, and (g)-(i) 0.11. The grayscale is adjusted for each image so that the top

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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