Abstract
We derive a far-field diffraction integral by (vector) electromagnetic theory;
the result differs from the (scalar) Rayleigh–Sommerfeld or Kirchhoff
result in that it depends on polarization. For unpolarized light, we derive a
factor that replaces the usual obliquity factor.
Omitting this factor can cause an error of the same order as the measurement
uncertainty in determining the mode-field diameter of a single-mode fiber from
far-field data.
© 1993 Optical Society of America
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