Abstract

The orthorhombic ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}\text{:}{\mathrm{YAlO}}_3$ crystal is promising for laser operation at the ${}^3{H}_4\to {}^3{F}_4$ (1.5 μm) and ${}^3{H}_4\to {}^3{H}_5$ (2.3 μm) transitions. Stimulated-emission cross-sections for these transitions are determined with polarized light. Peak values of $0.59\times {10}^{-20}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ and $0.80\times {10}^{-20}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ are found at 1438 nm and 2275 nm, respectively, both for $E\parallel b$. The cross-relaxation defining the upper-laser level lifetime is quantified. Continuous-wave lasing at the ${}^3{H}_4\to {}^3{H}_5$ transition is achieved with an $a$-cut 1.5 at.% $\mathrm{Tm}\text{:}{\mathrm{YAlO}}_3$ crystal. The laser generated 254 mW at 2273 nm with a slope efficiency of 17.8% and linear polarization ($E\parallel b$).

© 2019 Optical Society of America

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