Effect of shrinkage in photopolymer film on the information transmitted through the holographic waveguide for near eye displays

Rajveer Kaur; Rajveer Kaur; Jae-Hyeung Park; Raj Kumar; Raj Kumar

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.507415

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 41,
Issue 3,
pp. A15-A24
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.507415

Effect of shrinkage in photopolymer film on the information transmitted through the holographic waveguide for near eye displays

Rajveer Kaur, Jae-Hyeung Park, and Raj Kumar

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Rajveer Kaur, Jae-Hyeung Park, and Raj Kumar, "Effect of shrinkage in photopolymer film on the information transmitted through the holographic waveguide for near eye displays," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 41, A15-A24 (2024)

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- Holography
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 3, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: November 9, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: November 27, 2023
- Published: December 15, 2023
Virtual Issues
Applied Optics Joint Feature Issue in Applied Optics and Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Digital Holography and 3D Imaging 2023 (2024)

JOSA A Joint Feature Issue in Applied Optics and Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Digital Holography and 3D Imaging 2023 (2024)

Abstract

Due to shrinkage in photopolymer materials, the angle of the reconstruction beam in holographic optical elements (HOEs) does not match with the Bragg condition, resulting in a decreased amount of light in the desired direction or loss of transmitted information to rematch the Bragg condition. Thus, to ensure final display features it is imperative to precompensate the shrinkage effect. We derived simplified expressions for precompensation in recording geometries of required HOEs in holographic waveguide-based Maxwellian near eye displays. An acceptable range of detuning from the Bragg angle is also analyzed. The experimentally measured 4.95% shrinkage in photopolymer film for 0° and 45° recording angles of beams was precompensated using ${-}{0.{86}^\circ}$ and 43.7° recording angles. Theoretical results are validated through simulation and experiments.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Before Shrinkage	Parameters	Left-Most Region of HL	VHG or Middle Region of HL	Right-Most Region of HL
	Recording angle of beam 1	45°	45°	45°
	Recording angle of beam 2 $(θ_{2}^{m})$	7.406°	0°	−7.406°
	Recording angle of beam 2 $(θ_{2}^{a})$ measured in the air	11.29°	0°	−11.29°
	Grating period	543.11 nm	457.3 nm	396.33 nm
	Slant angle	63.797°	67.5°	71.203°
After 6% shrinkage	Reconstruction angle of beam 1	46.679°	46.51°	46.3°
	Reconstruction angle of beam 2	8.587°	1.053°	−6.49°
	Reconstruction angle of beam 2 measured in the air	13.12°	1.60°	−9.89°
	Grating period	536.27 nm	452.9 nm	393.65 nm
	Slant angle	62.366°	66.21°	70.0949°
With a 6% shrinkage	Detuning in angle of beam 1 (medium)	1.7°	1.5°	1.3°
With a 6% shrinkage	Detuning in angle of beam 2 (medium)	1.2°	1°	0.9°

Components	Items	Specifications
Waveguide	Dimension	$108 m m \times 24 m m \times 8 m m$
	Material	BK-7
	Distance between two HOEs	80 mm
HOE in-coupler (grating)	Dimension	$8 m m \times 8 m m$
	Recording wavelength	532 nm
	Refractive index of material	1.52
	Angles of construction beams (medium)	0° and 45°
	Shrinkage factor	0.94
HOE out-coupler (Lens)	Dimension	$8 m m \times 8 m m$
	Recording wavelength	532 nm
	Refractive index of material	1.52
	Focal length of lens	20 mm
	Angles of construction beams (medium)	0° and 45°
	Shrinkage factor	0.94

Condition	Total Power (Watt)	Peak Intensity (Watt/Steradian)
No shrinkage effect	0.11256	12.273
Shrinkage effect	0.00022	0.02571
Shrinkage effect and tilt is given to the source	0.02045	11.618
Precompensate the shrinkage effect	0.1057	11.726

	Parameters	Left-Most Region of HL	VHG or Middle Region of HL	Right-Most Region of HL
Recording without using precompensation	Angle of beam 1	45°	45°	45°
Recording without using precompensation	Angle of beam 2	7.4°	0°	−7.4°
Reconstruction at Bragg-matched condition	Angle of beam 1	46.37°	46.23°	46.06°
Reconstruction at Bragg-matched condition	Angle of beam 2	8.37°	0.86°	−6.65°
	Detuning in beam 1	1.37°	1.23°	1.1°
	Detuning in beam 2	0.97°	0.86°	0.75°
Recording using precompensation	Angle of beam 1	43.62°	43.76°	43.93°
Recording using precompensation	Angle of beam 2	6.43°	−0.86°	−8.15°
Reconstruction at Bragg-matched condition	Angle of beam 1	45°	45°	45°
Reconstruction at Bragg-matched condition	Angle of beam 2	7.4°	0°	7.4°

Before Shrinkage	Parameters	Left-Most Region of HL	VHG or Middle Region of HL	Right-Most Region of HL
	Recording angle of beam 1	45°	45°	45°
	Recording angle of beam 2 $(θ_{2}^{m})$	7.406°	0°	−7.406°
	Recording angle of beam 2 $(θ_{2}^{a})$ measured in the air	11.29°	0°	−11.29°
	Grating period	543.11 nm	457.3 nm	396.33 nm
	Slant angle	63.797°	67.5°	71.203°
After 6% shrinkage	Reconstruction angle of beam 1	46.679°	46.51°	46.3°
	Reconstruction angle of beam 2	8.587°	1.053°	−6.49°
	Reconstruction angle of beam 2 measured in the air	13.12°	1.60°	−9.89°
	Grating period	536.27 nm	452.9 nm	393.65 nm
	Slant angle	62.366°	66.21°	70.0949°
With a 6% shrinkage	Detuning in angle of beam 1 (medium)	1.7°	1.5°	1.3°
With a 6% shrinkage	Detuning in angle of beam 2 (medium)	1.2°	1°	0.9°

Abstract

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Equations (12)

Journal of the Optical Society of America A