Abstract
In this paper, we present a finite-difference time-domain formulation for active gain materials. Our scheme is
based on a frequency-dependent conductivity. Experimental material gain is fitted with high accuracy to a multipole
Lorentzian model using a semideterministic fitting algorithm. Because our model is an approximation to the full
vectorial Maxwell's system of equations, we include carrier diffusion into the rate equations for a two-level
system. The material gain is included into the standard set of Maxwell's equations by linking the
frequency-dependent conductivity to the rate equations. Lasing is demonstrated for a
vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser structure and photonic crystal lasers.
© 2007 IEEE
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