Split ring multiband refractive index cancer sensor based on terahertz radiation

Zhengzheng Li; Zhengzheng Li

doi:10.1364/AO.500531

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 32,
pp. 8558-8566
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.500531

Split ring multiband refractive index cancer sensor based on terahertz radiation

Zhengzheng Li

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Zhengzheng Li, "Split ring multiband refractive index cancer sensor based on terahertz radiation," Appl. Opt. 62, 8558-8566 (2023)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Optical Devices, Sensors, and Detectors
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 14, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: August 20, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: October 16, 2023
- Published: November 2, 2023

Abstract

A design of a multiband terahertz (THz) metamaterial biosensor for early cancer detection is proposed. The THz biosensor composed of several arc-shaped connecting parts operates at three different frequencies, and the absorptivity of the three resonant frequencies exceeds 99% in free space. In this work, we analyzed the absorption spectrum and polarization independence under different design parameters, improved the performance of the sensor by adjusting the absorption characteristics of the sensor, and gave the calculation results. Additionally, we studied the influence of the refractive index and thickness of different samples on the sensor, and theoretically calculated the sensitivity of the sensor to basal cells, breast cells, cervical cells, and their corresponding cancer cells. The result shows that the maximum sensitivity of the sensor can reach 642.5 GHz/RIU, which is much higher than the reported biosensors. Therefore, the proposed THz sensor has great potential in early detection and early warning of cancer.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the author upon reasonable request.

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	Refractive Index ( $n$ )
Cell Name	Normal	Cancer
Basal cell	1.36	1.38
Breast cell (MDAMD-231)	1.385	1.399
Cervical Cell (Hela)	1.368	1.392

		At 1.801 THz						At 2.722 THz						At 3.257 THz
Cell Name	Analyte Type	$A$ (%)	$S$ (GHz/R IU)	$Δ f$ (GHz)	FWHM (GHz)	$Q$	FOM	$A$ (%)	$S$ (GHz/R IU)	$Δ f$ (GHz)	FWHM (GHz)	$Q$	FOM	$A$ (%)	$S$ (GHz/R IU)	$Δ f$ (GHz)	FWHM (GHz)	$Q$	FOM
Basal cell	Normal (1.36)	99.3	381.50	7.63	173.23	9.58	2.20	99.5	625.5	12.51	120.81	21.98	5.18	98.3	146.50	2.93	36.18	89.73	4.05
Basal cell	Cancer (1.38)	99.3	381.50	7.63	173.23	9.54	2.20	99.4	625.5	12.51	120.81	21.49	5.18	97.9	146.50	2.93	36.18	89.36	4.05
Breast cell (MDA MD- 231)	Normal (1.385)	99.6	401.43	5.62	174.12	9.53	2.31	99.7	584.29	8.18	119.89	21.24	4.87	98.5	131.43	1.84	35.76	89.11	3.68
Breast cell (MDA MD- 231)	Cancer (1.399)	99.5	401.43	5.62	174.12	9.48	2.31	99.6	584.29	8.18	119.89	20.89	4.87	98.1	131.43	1.84	35.76	88.93	3.68
Cervic al cell (Hela)	Normal (1.368)	99.7	413.33	9.92	173.34	9.56	2.38	99.8	642.5	15.42	120.37	21.63	5.34	97.8	159.17	3.82	35.91	89.51	4.43
Cervic al cell (Hela)	Cancer (1.392)	99.5	413.33	9.92	173.34	9.51	2.38	99.6	642.5	15.42	120.37	20.91	5.34	97.6	159.17	3.82	35.91	89.01	4.43

Ref.	Freq. (THz)	Size (µm)	$n$	$t$ (µm)	Sens. (GHz/RIU)	$Q$	FOM
[26]	0.93,1.55	$50 \times 50$	1:1.4	5	387
[39]	0.871,1.075,1.397	$120 \times 120$	1:2	6	208	46	4.31
[40]	4.475	$50 \times 50$	1:1.8	1	22.75	89.5	0.48
[41]	0.33,0.9,1.42,1.85	$80 \times 80$	1:1.8	2	423	16.8	3.57
This work	1.801,2.722,3.257	$55 \times 55$	1:1.4	5	642.5	89.73	5.34

	Refractive Index ( $n$ )
Cell Name	Normal	Cancer
Basal cell	1.36	1.38
Breast cell (MDAMD-231)	1.385	1.399
Cervical Cell (Hela)	1.368	1.392

		At 1.801 THz						At 2.722 THz						At 3.257 THz
Cell Name	Analyte Type	$A$ (%)	$S$ (GHz/R IU)	$Δ f$ (GHz)	FWHM (GHz)	$Q$	FOM	$A$ (%)	$S$ (GHz/R IU)	$Δ f$ (GHz)	FWHM (GHz)	$Q$	FOM	$A$ (%)	$S$ (GHz/R IU)	$Δ f$ (GHz)	FWHM (GHz)	$Q$	FOM
Basal cell	Normal (1.36)	99.3	381.50	7.63	173.23	9.58	2.20	99.5	625.5	12.51	120.81	21.98	5.18	98.3	146.50	2.93	36.18	89.73	4.05
Basal cell	Cancer (1.38)	99.3	381.50	7.63	173.23	9.54	2.20	99.4	625.5	12.51	120.81	21.49	5.18	97.9	146.50	2.93	36.18	89.36	4.05
Breast cell (MDA MD- 231)	Normal (1.385)	99.6	401.43	5.62	174.12	9.53	2.31	99.7	584.29	8.18	119.89	21.24	4.87	98.5	131.43	1.84	35.76	89.11	3.68
Breast cell (MDA MD- 231)	Cancer (1.399)	99.5	401.43	5.62	174.12	9.48	2.31	99.6	584.29	8.18	119.89	20.89	4.87	98.1	131.43	1.84	35.76	88.93	3.68
Cervic al cell (Hela)	Normal (1.368)	99.7	413.33	9.92	173.34	9.56	2.38	99.8	642.5	15.42	120.37	21.63	5.34	97.8	159.17	3.82	35.91	89.51	4.43
Cervic al cell (Hela)	Cancer (1.392)	99.5	413.33	9.92	173.34	9.51	2.38	99.6	642.5	15.42	120.37	20.91	5.34	97.6	159.17	3.82	35.91	89.01	4.43

Abstract

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Tables (4)

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Applied Optics