Abstract
In mode-division multiplexing (MDM) optical transmission systems and MDM networks, the gain must be kept nearly constant even when the input signal power of the few-mode (FM), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) changes. This paper investigates controllability of the gain in a 4-LP mode EDFA, whose EDF has signal modes of ${{\rm LP}_{01}}$, ${{\rm LP}_{11}}$, ${{\rm LP}_{21}}$, and ${{\rm LP}_{02}}$ or ${{\rm LP}_{01}}$, ${{\rm LP}_{11}}$, ${{\rm LP}_{21}}$, and ${{\rm LP}_{31}}$, by using analytical and full models. The results of calculation using the analytical model and a gain simulation using the full model show that the gain can be kept almost constant with an error less than 0.25 dB simply by adjusting the ${{\rm LP}_{01}}$ pump power of the EDFA with signal modes of ${{\rm LP}_{01}}$, ${{\rm LP}_{11}}$, ${{\rm LP}_{21}}$, and ${{\rm LP}_{31}}$. This result suggests that it is possible to control the gain simply by adjusting the pump power in FM-EDFAs where all signal modes have a radial mode number of one.
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