Short wavelength operation of a 10 m perimeter ring laser gyroscope

Dian Zou; Dian Zou; Robert J. Thirkettle; K. Ulrich Schreiber; K. Ulrich Schreiber; K. Ulrich Schreiber; Jon-Paul R. Wells; Jon-Paul R. Wells

doi:10.1364/AO.474123

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 35,
pp. 10588-10593
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.474123

Short wavelength operation of a 10 m perimeter ring laser gyroscope

Dian Zou, Robert J. Thirkettle, K. Ulrich Schreiber, and Jon-Paul R. Wells

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Dian Zou, Robert J. Thirkettle, K. Ulrich Schreiber, and Jon-Paul R. Wells, "Short wavelength operation of a 10 m perimeter ring laser gyroscope," Appl. Opt. 61, 10588-10593 (2022)

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Abstract

We report on the operation of a 10 m perimeter, helium–neon based ring laser gyroscope on the $3{s_2} \to 2{p_6}$ (611.8 nm) and $3{s_2} \to 2{p_{10}}$ (543.4 nm) transitions of neon. Cavity $Q$ factors of $1.5 \times {10^{12}}$ and $3.8 \times {10^{11}}$ are obtained for 611.8 and 543.4 nm operation, inferred from measured ring-down times of 485 and 110 μs, respectively. For Sagnac frequencies, due to Earth rotation, of 205.14 and 230.96 Hz, minimum resolvable rotation rates of 80 and 226 prad/s are achieved for integration times of around 100 s. While environment limited performance is achieved for operation at 611.8 nm, it is found that a restrictive gas pressure regime must be utilized for the 543.4 nm lasing wavelength. As a consequence, the output photon count is low, which limits its intrinsic sensitivity for rotation rate measurements.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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	Natural Neon		50:50 Neon
Pressure (mbar)	RF Power (W)	Output (nW)	RF Power (W)	Output (nW)
0.8	30	140	–	–
1.0	30	60	–	–
1.2	30	40	25	250
1.4	–	–	20	264
1.8	–	–	16	180
2.2	–	–	12	259

Operating Wavelength, $λ$ (nm)	632.8	611.8	543.4
Nominal Sagnac frequency, $δ f_{s}$ (Hz)	198.32	205.14	230.96
Measured Sagnac frequency, $δ f_{s}$ (Hz)	198.40	205.64	231.05
Ring-down time, $τ$ ( $μ$ s)	375	485	110
Quality factor, $Q$	$1.1 \times 10^{12}$	$1.5 \times 10^{12}$	$3.8 \times 10^{11}$
Finesse, F	$7.1 \times 10^{4}$	$9.1 \times 10^{4}$	$2.1 \times 10^{4}$
Total loss, L (ppm)	88.9	68.7	303.0
Laser output power, $P_{o u t}$ (nW)	113	60	3.5
Sensitivity, $S$ ( $r a d / s / \sqrt{H z}$ )	$1.8 \times 10^{- 10}$	$1.9 \times 10^{- 10}$	$3.2 \times 10^{- 9}$
Bias stability, $Δ δ f_{s}$ (mHz/h)	2.9	2.3	160

	Natural Neon		50:50 Neon
Pressure (mbar)	RF Power (W)	Output (nW)	RF Power (W)	Output (nW)
0.8	30	140	–	–
1.0	30	60	–	–
1.2	30	40	25	250
1.4	–	–	20	264
1.8	–	–	16	180
2.2	–	–	12	259

Operating Wavelength, $λ$ (nm)	632.8	611.8	543.4
Nominal Sagnac frequency, $δ f_{s}$ (Hz)	198.32	205.14	230.96
Measured Sagnac frequency, $δ f_{s}$ (Hz)	198.40	205.64	231.05
Ring-down time, $τ$ ( $μ$ s)	375	485	110
Quality factor, $Q$	$1.1 \times 10^{12}$	$1.5 \times 10^{12}$	$3.8 \times 10^{11}$
Finesse, F	$7.1 \times 10^{4}$	$9.1 \times 10^{4}$	$2.1 \times 10^{4}$
Total loss, L (ppm)	88.9	68.7	303.0
Laser output power, $P_{o u t}$ (nW)	113	60	3.5
Sensitivity, $S$ ( $r a d / s / \sqrt{H z}$ )	$1.8 \times 10^{- 10}$	$1.9 \times 10^{- 10}$	$3.2 \times 10^{- 9}$
Bias stability, $Δ δ f_{s}$ (mHz/h)	2.9	2.3	160

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Applied Optics