Abstract
Efficient modal interconversion between optical manipulation of cold atoms in free space and transmitted light within an integrated waveguide remains a challenge in the area of integrated atomic photonics. Here, a ${{1200}}^x$ modal converter with a footprint on the order of millimeters is proposed based on a ${\rm{S}}{{\rm{i}}_3}{{\rm{N}}_4}$ subwavelength self-focusing structure. The ${2.8}\;\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m} \times {1.7}\;\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}$ subwavelength structure enables efficient single modal conversion. The transmission efficiency is 84% at a wavelength of 830 nm with a working bandwidth of 240 nm. The device can work in dual polarization states.
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