Abstract
We report on novel upconversion (UC) pumping schemes for 2.3 μm thulium (Tm) lasers (the transition) based on a photon avalanche mechanism populating the intermediate metastable level () acting as an effective ground state. The proposed pump wavelengths are and , each one corresponding to a resonant excited-state absorption transition and , respectively. UC pumping at 1040, 1055, and 1451 nm of 2.3 μm lasers is demonstrated. In the former case, the laser generates 102 mW at 2302 nm with a slope efficiency of 14.6% (versus the incident pump power). The laser dynamics is studied. UC pumping is promising for reaching high efficiencies in 2.3 μm Tm lasers.
© 2019 Optical Society of America
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