W. J. Childs, "Use of atomic-beam laser radio-frequency double resonance for interpretation of complex spectra: Tb i as a test case," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 191-196 (1992)
The usefulness of the atomic-beam laser-rf double-resonance technique as an aid in the interpretation of complex optical spectra is investigated. A 2-Å-wide region (centered on 5441 Å) in the spectrum of Tb i is selected for the test. Some 25 atomic lines, many with severely overlapping hyperfine structure (hfs) patterns, had been observed in the region, and only a few of these had been successfully classified. The procedure followed for each line was to measure the hfs intervals of the lower level precisely and then to compare them with the known intervals of previously designated low levels. The procedure leads to a successful identification for only about half of the levels studied, owing principally to the small size of the ensemble of levels with known splittings. The method does have advantages, however, and is shown to be a useful supplement to conventional spectroscopic techniques. A number of new line classifications, level designations, and hfs intervals are reported.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
Both diagonal and off-diagonal hfs components are seen in the optical spectrum. Interpretation gives J values of upper and lower levels.
Both diagonal and off-diagonal hfs components are seen in the optical spectrum, but no self-consistent interpretation of the hfs pattern could be achieved. J values could not be determined from the optical spectrum.
Lower-level hfs interval(s) are precisely measured by rf.
Present rf measurements of hfs intervals coincide with those of a previously designated level. Identification of lower level is thereby achieved.
Present rf measurements of hfs intervals do not coincide with those of any previously studied level. Lower level cannot be identified from rf measurements.
Designation of lower level suggested by Klinkenberg13 after considering present results together with earlier work.
The uncertainties are ±3 kHz. The hfs constants A and B required to fit these intervals by the standard first-order theory are also given.
The excitation energies, where known, are given in column 2 of Table 1.
The values deduced for A and B depend on the unknown value of J. See Table 3.
Table 3
Results of Fits of the Theory to the Lower-Level hfs Intervals Found for the Line λλ5441.440a
Assumed J Value
hfs Interval (MHz)
hfs Constants (MHz)
F–F′
Observed
Calculated
Obs − Calc
A
B
11/2
7–6
3010.012
3010.182
−0.170
370.011
660.165
6–5
2112.473
2112.039
0.434
5–4
1429.668
1429.950
−0.282
rms residual = 0.314
9/2
6–5
3010.012
3010.203
−0.191
444.022
519.105
5–4
2112.473
2111.964
0.509
4–3
1429.668
1430.018
−0.350
rms residual = 0.373
The residuals found for assumed J values of either 9/2 or 11/2 are almost the same; it is not possible to determine which J value is correct in this way. The residuals resulting from any other choice of J are impossibly large.
Both diagonal and off-diagonal hfs components are seen in the optical spectrum. Interpretation gives J values of upper and lower levels.
Both diagonal and off-diagonal hfs components are seen in the optical spectrum, but no self-consistent interpretation of the hfs pattern could be achieved. J values could not be determined from the optical spectrum.
Lower-level hfs interval(s) are precisely measured by rf.
Present rf measurements of hfs intervals coincide with those of a previously designated level. Identification of lower level is thereby achieved.
Present rf measurements of hfs intervals do not coincide with those of any previously studied level. Lower level cannot be identified from rf measurements.
Designation of lower level suggested by Klinkenberg13 after considering present results together with earlier work.
The uncertainties are ±3 kHz. The hfs constants A and B required to fit these intervals by the standard first-order theory are also given.
The excitation energies, where known, are given in column 2 of Table 1.
The values deduced for A and B depend on the unknown value of J. See Table 3.
Table 3
Results of Fits of the Theory to the Lower-Level hfs Intervals Found for the Line λλ5441.440a
Assumed J Value
hfs Interval (MHz)
hfs Constants (MHz)
F–F′
Observed
Calculated
Obs − Calc
A
B
11/2
7–6
3010.012
3010.182
−0.170
370.011
660.165
6–5
2112.473
2112.039
0.434
5–4
1429.668
1429.950
−0.282
rms residual = 0.314
9/2
6–5
3010.012
3010.203
−0.191
444.022
519.105
5–4
2112.473
2111.964
0.509
4–3
1429.668
1430.018
−0.350
rms residual = 0.373
The residuals found for assumed J values of either 9/2 or 11/2 are almost the same; it is not possible to determine which J value is correct in this way. The residuals resulting from any other choice of J are impossibly large.