The electro-optic properties of 2-cyclooctylamino-5-nitropyridine and 2-(N-prolinol)-5-nitropyridine single crystals have been evaluated. The dependence of the electro-optic coefficients on the optical wavelength and the frequency of the applied electric field was determined. Enhancements of these coefficients near acoustic resonances were observed and are discussed in terms of elasto-optic contributions. We propose a simple expression for estimation of the limiting values of electro-optic and nonlinear-optical coefficients. In addition, the wavelength dependence of the electro-optic figure of merit for organic and inorganic materials is estimated.
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The highest value comes either from the theoretical fit or from measured hyperpolarizability (from Ref. 35) if that value is higher for a specific wavelength.
Benzenes.
Stilbenes.
Table 5
Crystal Data of COANP and PNP at Room Temperature
Characteristic
COANP
PNP
Formula
C13H19N3O2
C10H13N3O3
Molecular mass
249.32
223.23
Density
ρ = 1.24 g/cm3
ρ = 1.42 g/cm3
Melting point
Tm = 72.8°C
Tm = 83°C
Space-group symmetry
Pca21(Z = 4)
P21(Z = 2)
Point-group symmetry
mm2
2
Unit cell
a = 2.6281(5) nm
a = 0.5182(1) nm
b = 0.6655(1) nm
b = 1.4964(4) nm
c = 0.7630(6) nm
c = 0.7045(1) nm
β = 106.76(1)°
V = 1.3345(6) nm3
V = 0.5231 nm3
Table 6
Dimensions of the Crystals Used for the Electro-Optic Experimentsa
Crystal
d (mm)
L (mm)
w (mm)
d/L
Remark
COANP 1
1.7
1.448
6.97
1.17
Crystal between metal plates
COANP 2
1.66
1.424
6.43
1.17
Crystal between metal plates
COANP 3
1.75
1.428
5.40
1.23
Silver paste electrodes
COANP 4
2
1.35
—
1.48
Silver paste electrodes
COANP 5
1.7
1.448
—
1.17
Silver paste electrodes
COANP 6
6
4.135
—
1.45
Silver paste electrodes
PNP 1
4.2
2.2
—
1.91
Silver paste electrodes
PNP 2
2.7
3.015
6.8
0.90
Silver paste electrodes
d, Electrode distance, which equals the crystal height; L, crystal thickness; w, crystal width.
Table 7
Electro-Optic Coefficients (at a Modulation Frequency of 1 kHz and Corresponding Reduced Half-Wave Voltages for COANP)a
rIJ is the measured and rIJe the calculated value. The nonlinear-optical susceptibilities (at λ = 1064 nm) used for the calculations are also listed.
From Ref. 38.
Table 12
Comparison of Electro-Optic and Nonlinear Optical Coefficients of PNP at λ = 632.8 and 1064 nma
rIJ is the measured and rIJe the calculated value. The nonlinear-optical susceptibilities (at λ = 1064 nm) used for the calculations are also listed.
From Ref. 19.
Table 13
Dielectric Constants ∊ and Square of the Refractive Indices of COANP
The highest value comes either from the theoretical fit or from measured hyperpolarizability (from Ref. 35) if that value is higher for a specific wavelength.
Benzenes.
Stilbenes.
Table 5
Crystal Data of COANP and PNP at Room Temperature
Characteristic
COANP
PNP
Formula
C13H19N3O2
C10H13N3O3
Molecular mass
249.32
223.23
Density
ρ = 1.24 g/cm3
ρ = 1.42 g/cm3
Melting point
Tm = 72.8°C
Tm = 83°C
Space-group symmetry
Pca21(Z = 4)
P21(Z = 2)
Point-group symmetry
mm2
2
Unit cell
a = 2.6281(5) nm
a = 0.5182(1) nm
b = 0.6655(1) nm
b = 1.4964(4) nm
c = 0.7630(6) nm
c = 0.7045(1) nm
β = 106.76(1)°
V = 1.3345(6) nm3
V = 0.5231 nm3
Table 6
Dimensions of the Crystals Used for the Electro-Optic Experimentsa
Crystal
d (mm)
L (mm)
w (mm)
d/L
Remark
COANP 1
1.7
1.448
6.97
1.17
Crystal between metal plates
COANP 2
1.66
1.424
6.43
1.17
Crystal between metal plates
COANP 3
1.75
1.428
5.40
1.23
Silver paste electrodes
COANP 4
2
1.35
—
1.48
Silver paste electrodes
COANP 5
1.7
1.448
—
1.17
Silver paste electrodes
COANP 6
6
4.135
—
1.45
Silver paste electrodes
PNP 1
4.2
2.2
—
1.91
Silver paste electrodes
PNP 2
2.7
3.015
6.8
0.90
Silver paste electrodes
d, Electrode distance, which equals the crystal height; L, crystal thickness; w, crystal width.
Table 7
Electro-Optic Coefficients (at a Modulation Frequency of 1 kHz and Corresponding Reduced Half-Wave Voltages for COANP)a
rIJ is the measured and rIJe the calculated value. The nonlinear-optical susceptibilities (at λ = 1064 nm) used for the calculations are also listed.
From Ref. 38.
Table 12
Comparison of Electro-Optic and Nonlinear Optical Coefficients of PNP at λ = 632.8 and 1064 nma
rIJ is the measured and rIJe the calculated value. The nonlinear-optical susceptibilities (at λ = 1064 nm) used for the calculations are also listed.
From Ref. 19.
Table 13
Dielectric Constants ∊ and Square of the Refractive Indices of COANP