Abstract
Techniques to generate cold atom beams are of great interest in a variety of applications, from atomic frequency standards and atom optics to experimental studies of Bose-Einstein condensation. Cold atom beams have been produced by slowing thermal atomic beams using the Zeeman-slowing technique1 or chirped lasers,2 or using laser-cooling techniques to extract a slow atomic beam from the background gas in a low-pressure vapor cell. These laser-cooling techniques include “atomic funnels” or twodimensional magneto-optical traps,3-5 as well as a variation of the conventional vapor cell magneto-optical trap called the “low-velocity intense source” (LVIS).
© 1999 Optical Society of America
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