Expand this Topic clickable element to expand a topic
Skip to content
Optica Publishing Group

Reflected Light and Ghosts in Optical Systems

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Abstract

Each surface in an optical system reflects a small fraction of the incident flux, which thus is lost to the image; these surfaces singly and in combination form ghost images of the light source, in various locations in and about the system. The number of first-order ghosts is equal to the number of surfaces, and the number of second-order ghosts equals the number of pairs of surfaces. The total flux through the ghosts is shown to be F0ρ(1−t2n)/1−t2 for first-order ghosts, and

ρ2tn2n(i-1)t2(n-i)=ρ2tn1-t2[n-1-t2n1-t2]

for the double reflection second-order ghosts, where n is the number of surfaces at which reflection can take place, t the transmittance, and ρ the reflectance at each surface. The left member has a simple interpretation.

In the general case of s interreflections, 1<sn, combinational theory indicates an expression:

n!(n-2)!2!+2n!(n-3)!3!+3n!(n-4)!4!++(s-1)n!(n-s)!s!

for the number of ghosts, since (a) interreflection potentially can happen an unlimited number of times in any group, so that all multiplets of order less than s must be included, and (b) first reflection is prohibited at the first surface in all multiplets, because of the direction of light flow.

The relations are applied to a system of triplet condensers and projection lenses, coated and uncoated in all combinations. Even though the ghost flux is minimum in the condenser-unfilmed, objective-filmed objective, it offers no advantages over the all-filmed case, because of the lower transmission.

© 1949 Optical Society of America

Full Article  |  PDF Article

Corrections

Allen E. Murray, "Erratum: Reflected Light and Ghosts in Optical Systems," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39, 356-356 (1949)
https://opg.optica.org/josa/abstract.cfm?uri=josa-39-5-356

More Like This
Erratum: Reflected Light and Ghosts in Optical Systems

Allen E. Murray
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39(5) 356-356 (1949)

A New Classification System for Radiation Detectors*

R. Clark Jones
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39(5) 327-343 (1949)

Reflection from a Multilayer Filter

Harry D. Polster
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39(12) 1038-1043 (1949)

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (2)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (2)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (18)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Select as filters


Select Topics Cancel
© Copyright 2024 | Optica Publishing Group. All Rights Reserved