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Active tracking system for visible light communication using a GaN-based micro-LED and NRZ-OOK

Zhijian Lu, Pengfei Tian, Hong Chen, Izak Baranowski, Houqiang Fu, Xuanqi Huang, Jossue Montes, Youyou Fan, Hongyi Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Ran Liu, and Yuji Zhao

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Visible light communication (VLC) holds the promise of a high-speed wireless network for indoor applications and competes with 5G radio frequency (RF) system. Although the breakthrough of gallium nitride (GaN) based micro-light-emitting-diodes (micro-LEDs) increases the −3dB modulation bandwidth exceptionally from tens of MHz to hundreds of MHz, the light collected onto a fast photo receiver drops dramatically, which determines the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of VLC. To fully implement the practical high data-rate VLC link enabled by a GaN-based micro-LED, it requires focusing optics and a tracking system. In this paper, we demonstrate an active on-chip tracking system for VLC using a GaN-based micro-LED and none-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK). Using this novel technique, the field of view (FOV) was enlarged to 120° and data rates up to 600 Mbps at a bit error rate (BER) of 2.1×10−4 were achieved without manual focusing. This paper demonstrates the establishment of a VLC physical link that shows enhanced communication quality by orders of magnitude, making it optimized for practical communication applications.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 For outdoor use, 20 Km long range point-to-point VLC link using an LD is needed in the latest project named ‘Connecting the World’ conducted by Facebook, Inc.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Experimental setup including a VLC link using a GaN-based micro-LED and NRZ-OOK, an active tracking system using an on-chip photo sensor.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Output characteristics of GaN-based micro-LED. (a) Image of the packaged 440-nm blue GaN-based micro-LED. (b) P-I curve and V-I curve of the GaN-based micro-LED. (c) Frequency responses of the GaN-based micro-LED at different bias currents from 7.98 mA to 102.7 mA.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Open eye diagrams with 200 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 400 Mbps, and 500 Mbps acquired at 40.8 mA DC bias.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) The BER at different bias current. (b) The BER at different received optical power.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 (a) On-chip light tracking sensor structure and micrograph. (b) Photocurrents and Current ratio versus incident light angles under the power density of 80 mW/cm2. (c) Photograph of the active tracking system. (d) Block diagram of the proposed tracking circuit.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 (a) LOS geometry used in channel gain calculations. (b) Simulated light distribution of micro-LED and its distribution after focusing versus the angle of irradiance. (c) Simulated normalized LOS channel gain versus the angle of incidence when the angle of irradiance is fixed. (d) The BER for different angle of incidence at data rates of 500 Mbps and 600 Mbps. (e) Active tracking system improved VLC performance at data rates of 500 Mbps and 600 Mbps.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 ABCD matrix value

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Equations (5)

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I L I R = { ( 1 + β ) L ⋅ cos θ + α H ⋅ sin θ ( 1 + β ) L ⋅ cos θ − H ⋅ sin θ , θ ≥ 0 ( 1 + β ) L ⋅ cos θ − H ⋅ sin θ ( 1 + β ) L ⋅ cos θ + α H ⋅ sin θ , θ < 0
R ( ϕ ) = exp ( − ϕ 2 2 ϕ 0 2 )
[ y 1 ϕ 1 ] = M 1 M 2 M 3 [ y 0 ϕ 0 ]
M i = [ A i B i C i D i ]
H ( 0 ) L O S = { ( m + 1 ) A 2 π d 2 cos m ( ϕ ) T s ( ψ ) g ( ψ ) cos ( ψ ) , 0 ≤ ψ ≤ ψ c 0 , θ > ψ c
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