Abstract

3D nano-crystallization has been investigated with a femtosecond laser beam in $33{\mathrm{Li}}_2\mathrm{O}\text{-}33{\mathrm{Nb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_5\text{-}34{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ glass by changing the pulse energy and polarization direction. Electron backscattered diffraction was used to characterize the size and the orientation of crystals in cross sections of laser tracks, while second harmonic generation was employed to investigate the nonlinear optical properties of laser lines macroscopically. We are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to reveal that crystals of nano-size were precipitated both at low pulse energy with laser polarization parallel to the laser motion direction and at high pulse energy in the perpendicular case, but they preferred to orientate perpendicularly to the written lines in the former case.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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