Parametric generation of tunable infrared radiation in ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> and GaSe pumped at 3 μm

K. L. Vodopyanov

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.10.001723

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 10,
Issue 9,
pp. 1723-1729
(1993)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.10.001723

Parametric generation of tunable infrared radiation in ZnGeP₂ and GaSe pumped at 3 μm

K. L. Vodopyanov

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K. L. Vodopyanov, "Parametric generation of tunable infrared radiation in ZnGeP₂ and GaSe pumped at 3 μm," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 1723-1729 (1993)

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Abstract

Traveling-wave parametric generators with angular tuning with the use of ZnGeP₂ and GaSe crystals pumped by 100-ps pulses from an actively mode-locked Er laser (λ ≈ 3 μm) are reported. The continuous-tuning range achieved was 4–10 μm (ZnGeP₂; length, 12 mm) and 3.5–18 μm (GaSe; length, 12 mm) in a type-I interaction, with a quantum conversion efficiency of a few percent. In the case of ZnGeP₂ (length, 42 mm) and type-II phase matching, the pump threshold was 0.35 GW/cm² and the quantum efficiency achieved was 17.6%, corresponding to an output peak power of 3 MW near 5–6 μm.

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Property	Crystal^a
Property	LiNbO₃	Ag₃AsS₃	AgGaS₂	AgGaSe₂	CdSe	ZnGeP₂	GaSe
Transparency range (μm)	0.33–5.5	0.6–13	0.5–13	0.71–18	0.75–20	0.74–12	0.65–18
n₀ (near λ = 3 μm)	2.16	2.75	2.42	2.65	2.44	3.13	2.85
n_e	2.09	2.54	2.36	2.62	2.46	3.17	2.46
Nonlinearity d_eff (10⁻¹² m/V)	5.44	18	13.4	33	18	88	54.4
Nonlinear figure of merit, d²/n³ (10⁻²⁴ m²/V²)	3.1	17.6	13.2	59.5	22	247.8	127.8

Property	Crystal
Property	ZnGeP₂ (n₀ < n_e)		GaSe (n₀ > n_e)
Interaction	Type I (o-ee)^a	Type II (o-eo)	Type I (e-oo)
Crystal orientation	θ = 47 deg, φ = 0 deg	θ = 84 deg, φ = 31 deg	θ = 0 deg, φ = 90 deg
Effective nonlinearity, d_eff (10⁻¹² m/V)	88	77.5	52.8
Range of θ variation	47–49.55 deg	76–90 deg	9.5–13 deg
Tuning range achieved (μm)	4–10	5.2–5.6	3.5–18
		6.2–6.7
OPG linewidth (cm⁻¹)	540 (λ_i = 5.9 μm)		850 (λ_i = 5.9 μm)
	80 (λ_i = 8 μm)	12 (λ_i = 6.7 μm)	63 (λ_i = 10 μm)
	30 (λ_i = 10 μm)		10 (λ_i = 15 μm)
			6 (λ_i = 18 μm)
Pump beamwaist parameter w₀ (mm)	0.28	0.1	Ellipse 0.13 × 0.28
Crystal length L (mm)	12	42	12
Walk-off (mm)	0.14 (θ = 48 deg)	0.11 (θ = 84 deg)	0.56 (θ = 10 deg)
Effective length L_eff (mm)	12	19	5
OPG threshold intensity I_thr (GW/cm²)	0.5	0.35	6
(d²/n³) L_eff²I_thr (a. u.^b)	17.9	24.1	18.1
I_max used (GW/cm²)	6.5	30	12
Max. OPG quantum efficiency	3%	17.6%	1%
OPG divergence outside the crystal (rad)	0.1	0.11	0.1
I_dam (GW/cm²)	6.5	30	30

Property	Crystal^a
Property	LiNbO₃	Ag₃AsS₃	AgGaS₂	AgGaSe₂	CdSe	ZnGeP₂	GaSe
Transparency range (μm)	0.33–5.5	0.6–13	0.5–13	0.71–18	0.75–20	0.74–12	0.65–18
n₀ (near λ = 3 μm)	2.16	2.75	2.42	2.65	2.44	3.13	2.85
n_e	2.09	2.54	2.36	2.62	2.46	3.17	2.46
Nonlinearity d_eff (10⁻¹² m/V)	5.44	18	13.4	33	18	88	54.4
Nonlinear figure of merit, d²/n³ (10⁻²⁴ m²/V²)	3.1	17.6	13.2	59.5	22	247.8	127.8

Property	Crystal
Property	ZnGeP₂ (n₀ < n_e)		GaSe (n₀ > n_e)
Interaction	Type I (o-ee)^a	Type II (o-eo)	Type I (e-oo)
Crystal orientation	θ = 47 deg, φ = 0 deg	θ = 84 deg, φ = 31 deg	θ = 0 deg, φ = 90 deg
Effective nonlinearity, d_eff (10⁻¹² m/V)	88	77.5	52.8
Range of θ variation	47–49.55 deg	76–90 deg	9.5–13 deg
Tuning range achieved (μm)	4–10	5.2–5.6	3.5–18
		6.2–6.7
OPG linewidth (cm⁻¹)	540 (λ_i = 5.9 μm)		850 (λ_i = 5.9 μm)
	80 (λ_i = 8 μm)	12 (λ_i = 6.7 μm)	63 (λ_i = 10 μm)
	30 (λ_i = 10 μm)		10 (λ_i = 15 μm)
			6 (λ_i = 18 μm)
Pump beamwaist parameter w₀ (mm)	0.28	0.1	Ellipse 0.13 × 0.28
Crystal length L (mm)	12	42	12
Walk-off (mm)	0.14 (θ = 48 deg)	0.11 (θ = 84 deg)	0.56 (θ = 10 deg)
Effective length L_eff (mm)	12	19	5
OPG threshold intensity I_thr (GW/cm²)	0.5	0.35	6
(d²/n³) L_eff²I_thr (a. u.^b)	17.9	24.1	18.1
I_max used (GW/cm²)	6.5	30	12
Max. OPG quantum efficiency	3%	17.6%	1%
OPG divergence outside the crystal (rad)	0.1	0.11	0.1
I_dam (GW/cm²)	6.5	30	30

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B