Gregory W. Faris and Mark J. Dyer, "Raman-shifting ArF excimer laser radiation for vacuum-ultraviolet multiphoton spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 2273-2286 (1993)
We present the results of Raman shifting the radiation from an ArF laser in HD and D2 to produce tunable high-power vacuum-ultraviolet radiation. Calculations of the Raman gain for H2, D2 and HD at 193 nm are presented Modifications made to the ArF laser to improve beam quality are described. Wavelengths as short as 132 nm are achieved by Raman shifting in D2. The gas must be cooled below room temperature for efficient Raman shifting in HD. We obtain energies as high as 1 mJ at 170 nm by Raman shifting in HD at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The Raman-shifted radiation is used to perform two-photon spectroscopy in atomic and molecular fluorine and molecular hydrogen.
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The peak plane-wave steady-state high-density Raman gain coefficient g and the (approximate) minimum laser power necessary for threshold to be reached for stimulated Raman scattering, Pth, are given for the strongest Raman lines for both vibrational and rotational Raman scattering in different isotopes of hydrogen at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. Also given are the parameters used in calculation of g and Pth: the Raman shift νR; the initial rotational level J; the density-dependent line broadening coefficient Δν/N0; the density-normalized population differences ΔN/N0; the off-diagonal matrix elements of the isotropic and anisotropic polarizabilities, α and γ; and the differential Raman cross section dσ/dΩ. 1 a.u. = 1.481845 × 10−25 cm3.
Ref. 51.
Ref. 52, 298 K, 81 K.
Ref. 53.
Ref. 54, 297 K.
Ref. 55.
Ref. 56, 298 K.
Ref. 57, 110 K.
Ref. 58, 85 K.
The gain coefficient for rotational Raman scattering is a factor of 1.5 larger for circular polarization.59
Ref. 60.
Ref. 61, 295 K, 80 K.
Ref. 62, 293 K.
Ref. 63.
Ref. 64, 300 K.
Ref. 65, 77.8 K, 78.5 K.
The peak plane-wave steady-state high-density Raman gain coefficient g and the (approximate) minimum laser power necessary for threshold to be reached for stimulated Raman scattering, Pth, are given for the strongest Raman lines for both vibrational and rotational Raman scattering in different isotopes of hydrogen at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. Also given are the parameters used in calculation of g and Pth: the Raman shift νR; the initial rotational level J; the density-dependent line broadening coefficient Δν/N0; the density-normalized population differences ΔN/N0; the off-diagonal matrix elements of the isotropic and anisotropic polarizabilities, α and γ; and the differential Raman cross section dσ/dΩ. 1 a.u. = 1.481845 × 10−25 cm3.
Ref. 51.
Ref. 52, 298 K, 81 K.
Ref. 53.
Ref. 54, 297 K.
Ref. 55.
Ref. 56, 298 K.
Ref. 57, 110 K.
Ref. 58, 85 K.
The gain coefficient for rotational Raman scattering is a factor of 1.5 larger for circular polarization.59
Ref. 60.
Ref. 61, 295 K, 80 K.
Ref. 62, 293 K.
Ref. 63.
Ref. 64, 300 K.
Ref. 65, 77.8 K, 78.5 K.