M. Nadeem Akram,1,*
Rigmor C. Baraas,2
and Karthikeyan Baskaran3
1Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway
2National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
3Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
M. Nadeem Akram, Rigmor C. Baraas, and Karthikeyan Baskaran, "Improved wide-field emmetropic human eye model based on ocular wavefront measurements and geometry-independent gradient index lens," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35, 1954-1967 (2018)
There is a need to better understand the peripheral optics of the human eye and their correction. Current eye models have some limitations to accurately predict the wavefront errors for the emmetropic eye over a wide field. The aim here was to develop an anatomically correct optical model of the human eye that closely reproduces the wavefront of an average Caucasian-only emmetropic eye across a wide visual field. Using an optical design program, a schematic eye was constructed based on ocular wavefront measurements of the right eyes of thirty healthy young emmetropic individuals over a wide visual field (from 40° nasal to 40° temporal and up to 20° inferior field). Anatomical parameters, asymmetries, and dispersion properties of the eye’s different optical components were taken into account. A geometry-independent gradient index model was employed to better represent the crystalline lens. The RMS wavefront error, wavefront shapes, dominant Zernike coefficients, nasal-temporal asymmetries, and dispersion properties of the developed schematic eye closely matched the corresponding measured values across the visual field. The developed model can help in the design of wide-field ophthalmic instruments and is useful in the study and simulations of the peripheral optics of the human eye.
Zemax file of wide field emmetropic human right eye model with geometry independent gradient index lens.
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OSA, Optical Society of America notation following [37]; Zemax, Zemax notation following Noll [40]; T, temporal visual field; N, nasal visual field; I, inferior visual field. RMS wavefront error (calculated from all Zernike terms) and peak-to-valley wavefront error are given in the last two rows; the data are in wavelength units at , and the Zernike coefficients’ normalization radius is 2 mm.
OSA, Optical Society of America notation following [37]; Zemax, Zemax notation following Noll [40]; T, temporal visual field; N, nasal visual field; I, inferior visual field. RMS wavefront error (calculated from all Zernike terms) and peak-to-valley wavefront error are given in the last two rows; the data are in wavelength units at , and the Zernike coefficients’ normalization radius is 2 mm.