Image-based face recognition under illumination and pose variations

Shaohua Kevin Zhou; Rama Chellappa

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.22.000217

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 22,
Issue 2,
pp. 217-229
(2005)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.22.000217

Image-based face recognition under illumination and pose variations

Shaohua Kevin Zhou and Rama Chellappa

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Shaohua Kevin Zhou and Rama Chellappa, "Image-based face recognition under illumination and pose variations," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22, 217-229 (2005)

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Abstract

We present an image-based method for face recognition across different illuminations and poses, where the term image-based means that no explicit prior three-dimensional models are needed. As face recognition under illumination and pose variations involves three factors, namely, identity, illumination, and pose, generalizations in all these three factors are desired. We present a recognition approach that is able to generalize in the identity and illumination dimensions and handle a given set of poses. Specifically, the proposed approach derives an identity signature that is illumination- and pose-invariant, where the identity is tackled by means of subspace encoding, the illumination is characterized with a Lambertian reflectance model, and the given set of poses is treated as a whole. Experimental results using the Pose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Equations (26)

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	$f_{16}$	$f_{15}$	$f_{13}$	$f_{21}$	$f_{12}$	$f_{11}$	$f_{08}$	$f_{06}$	$f_{10}$	$f_{18}$	$f_{04}$	$f_{02}$	avg
$c_{22}$	56	41	62	68	71	71	53	65	41	44	38	21	52
$c_{02}$	71	76	76	91	88	94	94	94	85	71	50	32	77
$c_{37}$	79	82	82	94	94	97	94	94	76	65	65	50	81
$c_{05}$	68	85	97	100	100	97	97	97	91	82	71	44	86
$c_{27}$	94	100	100	100	100	—	100	100	100	97	94	76	97
$c_{29}$	74	82	91	100	100	100	97	97	94	91	88	65	90
$c_{11}$	50	53	68	79	85	97	97	88	79	82	71	62	76
$c_{14}$	15	24	44	71	76	82	74	82	82	74	79	56	63
$c_{34}$	18	18	47	50	56	65	62	56	44	44	41	38	45
avg	58	62	74	84	86	88	85	86	77	72	66	49	74

	$f_{16}$	$f_{15}$	$f_{13}$	$f_{21}$	$f_{12}$	$f_{11}$	$f_{08}$	$f_{06}$	$f_{10}$	$f_{18}$	$f_{04}$	$f_{02}$	avg
$c_{22}$	44	44	46	45	46	49	46	49	44	32	30	14	41
$c_{02}$	55	58	59	62	63	62	60	60	54	48	40	22	54
$c_{37}$	56	59	61	64	65	62	60	58	51	47	45	34	55
$c_{05}$	56	63	66	67	68	65	59	58	54	51	45	36	57
$c_{27}$	62	66	69	70	70	70	65	69	68	67	65	54	66
$c_{29}$	46	53	53	61	60	63	59	62	66	68	62	60	60
$c_{11}$	41	43	50	53	55	61	57	58	56	61	58	51	54
$c_{14}$	19	24	39	49	53	58	58	61	60	61	57	48	49
$c_{34}$	16	21	38	44	46	51	48	51	46	45	45	42	41
avg	44	48	53	57	59	60	57	59	56	53	50	40	53

Prb\Gly^a	$C_{1} F_{1}$	$C_{1} F_{2}$	$C_{1} F_{3}$	$C_{2} F_{1}$	$C_{2} F_{2}$	$C_{2} F_{3}$	$C_{3} F_{1}$	$C_{3} F_{2}$	$C_{3} F_{3}$	avg
$C_{1} F_{1}$	—	100	85	100	94	82	62	85	94	88
$C_{1} F_{2}$	100	—	100	100	100	85	71	82	94	92
$C_{1} F_{3}$	85	97	—	88	88	91	76	62	65	82
$C_{2} F_{1}$	97	94	71	—	100	85	71	85	76	85
$C_{2} F_{2}$	97	100	85	100	—	100	76	91	85	92
$C_{2} F_{3}$	79	82	76	97	100	—	74	88	91	86
$C_{3} F_{2}$	59	59	68	85	76	71	—	100	82	75
$C_{3} F_{2}$	74	85	62	91	94	82	100	—	100	86
$C_{3} F_{3}$	88	82	62	79	79	94	85	100	—	84
avg	85	88	76	93	92	86	77	87	86	85

	$f_{16}$	$f_{15}$	$f_{13}$	$f_{21}$	$f_{12}$	$f_{11}$	$f_{08}$	$f_{06}$	$f_{10}$	$f_{18}$	$f_{04}$	$f_{02}$	avg
$c_{22}$	56	41	62	68	71	71	53	65	41	44	38	21	52
$c_{02}$	71	76	76	91	88	94	94	94	85	71	50	32	77
$c_{37}$	79	82	82	94	94	97	94	94	76	65	65	50	81
$c_{05}$	68	85	97	100	100	97	97	97	91	82	71	44	86
$c_{27}$	94	100	100	100	100	—	100	100	100	97	94	76	97
$c_{29}$	74	82	91	100	100	100	97	97	94	91	88	65	90
$c_{11}$	50	53	68	79	85	97	97	88	79	82	71	62	76
$c_{14}$	15	24	44	71	76	82	74	82	82	74	79	56	63
$c_{34}$	18	18	47	50	56	65	62	56	44	44	41	38	45
avg	58	62	74	84	86	88	85	86	77	72	66	49	74

	$f_{16}$	$f_{15}$	$f_{13}$	$f_{21}$	$f_{12}$	$f_{11}$	$f_{08}$	$f_{06}$	$f_{10}$	$f_{18}$	$f_{04}$	$f_{02}$	avg
$c_{22}$	44	44	46	45	46	49	46	49	44	32	30	14	41
$c_{02}$	55	58	59	62	63	62	60	60	54	48	40	22	54
$c_{37}$	56	59	61	64	65	62	60	58	51	47	45	34	55
$c_{05}$	56	63	66	67	68	65	59	58	54	51	45	36	57
$c_{27}$	62	66	69	70	70	70	65	69	68	67	65	54	66
$c_{29}$	46	53	53	61	60	63	59	62	66	68	62	60	60
$c_{11}$	41	43	50	53	55	61	57	58	56	61	58	51	54
$c_{14}$	19	24	39	49	53	58	58	61	60	61	57	48	49
$c_{34}$	16	21	38	44	46	51	48	51	46	45	45	42	41
avg	44	48	53	57	59	60	57	59	56	53	50	40	53

Abstract

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Figures (7)

Tables (3)

Equations (26)

Journal of the Optical Society of America A