Dependence of Luminance Required for Constant Brightness upon Chromaticity and Chromatic Adaptation*

Edwin J. Breneman

doi:10.1364/JOSA.48.000228

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 48,
Issue 4,
pp. 228-232
(1958)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.48.000228

Dependence of Luminance Required for Constant Brightness upon Chromaticity and Chromatic Adaptation

Edwin J. Breneman

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Edwin J. Breneman, "Dependence of Luminance Required for Constant Brightness upon Chromaticity and Chromatic Adaptation*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 48, 228-232 (1958)

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Abstract

Heterochromatic brightness matches have been made between each of a variety of colors and a standard of approximately daylight quality. A binocular colorimeter was used with the field subtending an angle of 1° 50′. A modification of this colorimeter permits alternate presentation of adapting stimuli for nine seconds and test stimuli for one second. Four adapting colors, white (approximately daylight), red, green, and blue, were used. For each adapting color, a surround of approximately the same color and subtending an angle of 10° or more was used. The results show that, for adaptation to daylight, blues and saturated reds generally have less luminance than a neutral standard of the same brightness, while greens and yellows have luminances nearly equal to, or greater than, that of the standard. This is in general agreement with the results of previous investigations. For most test colors, adaptation to a saturated red results in greater luminance being required to match the daylight standard than was required with white adaptation. This is true even for colors complementary to the red-adapting stimulus. Adaptations to blue and green modify the luminance ratios to a lesser extent.

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Color	x	y
	Comparison Stimuli
1	0.332	0.511
2	0.575	0.256
3	0.121	0.395
4	0.323	0.108
5	0.151	0.781
6	0.159	0.146
7	0.461	0.458
8	0.255	0.201
9	0.270	0.650
10	0.709	0.287
11	0.458	0.343
12	0.138	0.076
13	0.291	0.407
14	0.441	0.523
15	0.265	0.286
16	0.125	0.508
17	0.587	0.411
18	0.102	0.214
	Adapting Stimuli
White	0.308	0.333
Blue	0.130	0.183
Green	0.244	0.701
Red	0.711	0.289
	Standard Stimulus
	0.319	0.339

Color	White adaptation		Blue adaptation		Green adaptation		Red adaptation
100	L/L_s	σ	100 L/L_s	σ	100 L/L_s	σ	100 L/L_s	σ
Observer EJB
1	103	0.8	110	2.5	108	1.5	105	2.3
2	72	1.1	74	2.3	62	3.4	100	7.1
3	89	1.4	103	4.8	100	2.1	116	2.5
4	80	1.5	73	1.5	80	2.0	106	3.2
5	100	2.1	112	2.1	112	4.6	128	2.2
6	77	3.2	94	2.3	90	1.0	100	3.2
7	102	1.9	105	1.3	108	1.6	108	6.1
8	84	1.6	95	1.8	94	0.5	98	2.3
9	101	2.2	107	0.3	111	4.2	124	3.5
10	63	1.0	61	4.8	61	3.4	119	2.3
11	92	1.9	95	1.1	92	1.2	92	2.1
12	73	2.8	88	2.6	88	1.7	107	3.5
13	107	2.4	104	1.3	102	1.8	108	1.7
14	110	2.9	105	2.0	114	2.1	119	4.6
15	87	3.8	93	1.5	92	1.5	96	1.3
16	87	2.6	96	0.9	100	1.4	104	1.2
17	98	2.9	91	5.1	98	1.7	134	2.4
18	79	2.8	92	1.6	86	1.8	112	1.2
Observer DLM
1	103	2.1	108	3.1	110	3.0	120	6.8
2	77	4.5	84	12.2	67	4.9	88	4.7
3	104	4.9	117	3.4	110	4.8	149	9.4
4	83	2.9	96	6.6	77	2.6	103	4.4
5	116	4.4	112	6.0	116	5.2	139	5.8
6	92	3.6	115	5.6	107	6.2	132	3.1
7	102	3.7	99	3.3	110	2.6	106	4.8
8	96	2.3	99	4.3	100	2.8	103	3.9
9	107	3.4	105	2.9	122	4.8	134	5.4
10	74	5.3	91	13.5	64	4.0	93	3.5
11	97	3.9	88	6.5	88	1.7	90	1.7
12	131	5.4	127	12.6	132	5.6	175	6.8
13	105	4.5	106	2.4	107	3.7	120	5.4
14	102	2.1	95	3.2	111	2.2	106	3.8
15	87	2.3	95	2.9	96	2.8	102	5.6
16	113	1.3	105	3.8	104	2.8	144	6.8
17	91	4.2	92	5.1	100	8.3	99	4.5
18	116	3.8	115	11.6	119	8.6	170	10.8
Observer PCT
1	103	3.3	117	7.0	110	4.8	126	9.1
2	79	9.2	55	5.2	57	10.0	170	22.3
3	69	9.6	65	7.3	107	6.1	159	7.2
4	53	2.5	62	4.0	62	6.4	136	6.2
5	97	3.9	97	12.3	125	4.5	142	15.7
6	62	4.9	87	4.2	79	5.8	98	3.7
7	123	10.1	96	14.1	126	26.0	147	18.0
8	81	3.5	91	3.6	91	2.0	84	3.2
9	112	6.3	113	6.3	141	8.3	178	5.4
10	57	5.1	43	7.1	76	7.9	143	20.4
11	98	2.8	91	5.2	89	3.5	113	4.3
12	53	3.8	67	3.2	94	1.9	93	4.3
13	117	2.9	108	5.5	116	3.4	129	10.9
14	117	1.6	110	11.6	113	7.6	118	23.3
15	91	1.9	94	8.0	92	5.9	94	5.3
16	80	8.7	105	4.5	109	4.6	127	5.2
17	100	5.3	87	9.1	106	7.6	156	24.7
18	56	3.3	82	2.4	87	2.5	80	3.1

Color	1	2	3
1	103	103	104
2	72	71	74
3	89	95	92
4	80	77	85
5	100	95	97
6	77	80	80
7	102	104	106
8	84	85	88
9	101	95	101
10	63	66	67
11	92	91	94
12	73	74	82
13	107	102	102
14	110	109	109
15	87	92	92
16	87	89	92
17	98	98	97
18	79	77	80

Color	x	y
	Comparison Stimuli
1	0.332	0.511
2	0.575	0.256
3	0.121	0.395
4	0.323	0.108
5	0.151	0.781
6	0.159	0.146
7	0.461	0.458
8	0.255	0.201
9	0.270	0.650
10	0.709	0.287
11	0.458	0.343
12	0.138	0.076
13	0.291	0.407
14	0.441	0.523
15	0.265	0.286
16	0.125	0.508
17	0.587	0.411
18	0.102	0.214
	Adapting Stimuli
White	0.308	0.333
Blue	0.130	0.183
Green	0.244	0.701
Red	0.711	0.289
	Standard Stimulus
	0.319	0.339

Color	White adaptation		Blue adaptation		Green adaptation		Red adaptation
100	L/L_s	σ	100 L/L_s	σ	100 L/L_s	σ	100 L/L_s	σ
Observer EJB
1	103	0.8	110	2.5	108	1.5	105	2.3
2	72	1.1	74	2.3	62	3.4	100	7.1
3	89	1.4	103	4.8	100	2.1	116	2.5
4	80	1.5	73	1.5	80	2.0	106	3.2
5	100	2.1	112	2.1	112	4.6	128	2.2
6	77	3.2	94	2.3	90	1.0	100	3.2
7	102	1.9	105	1.3	108	1.6	108	6.1
8	84	1.6	95	1.8	94	0.5	98	2.3
9	101	2.2	107	0.3	111	4.2	124	3.5
10	63	1.0	61	4.8	61	3.4	119	2.3
11	92	1.9	95	1.1	92	1.2	92	2.1
12	73	2.8	88	2.6	88	1.7	107	3.5
13	107	2.4	104	1.3	102	1.8	108	1.7
14	110	2.9	105	2.0	114	2.1	119	4.6
15	87	3.8	93	1.5	92	1.5	96	1.3
16	87	2.6	96	0.9	100	1.4	104	1.2
17	98	2.9	91	5.1	98	1.7	134	2.4
18	79	2.8	92	1.6	86	1.8	112	1.2
Observer DLM
1	103	2.1	108	3.1	110	3.0	120	6.8
2	77	4.5	84	12.2	67	4.9	88	4.7
3	104	4.9	117	3.4	110	4.8	149	9.4
4	83	2.9	96	6.6	77	2.6	103	4.4
5	116	4.4	112	6.0	116	5.2	139	5.8
6	92	3.6	115	5.6	107	6.2	132	3.1
7	102	3.7	99	3.3	110	2.6	106	4.8
8	96	2.3	99	4.3	100	2.8	103	3.9
9	107	3.4	105	2.9	122	4.8	134	5.4
10	74	5.3	91	13.5	64	4.0	93	3.5
11	97	3.9	88	6.5	88	1.7	90	1.7
12	131	5.4	127	12.6	132	5.6	175	6.8
13	105	4.5	106	2.4	107	3.7	120	5.4
14	102	2.1	95	3.2	111	2.2	106	3.8
15	87	2.3	95	2.9	96	2.8	102	5.6
16	113	1.3	105	3.8	104	2.8	144	6.8
17	91	4.2	92	5.1	100	8.3	99	4.5
18	116	3.8	115	11.6	119	8.6	170	10.8
Observer PCT
1	103	3.3	117	7.0	110	4.8	126	9.1
2	79	9.2	55	5.2	57	10.0	170	22.3
3	69	9.6	65	7.3	107	6.1	159	7.2
4	53	2.5	62	4.0	62	6.4	136	6.2
5	97	3.9	97	12.3	125	4.5	142	15.7
6	62	4.9	87	4.2	79	5.8	98	3.7
7	123	10.1	96	14.1	126	26.0	147	18.0
8	81	3.5	91	3.6	91	2.0	84	3.2
9	112	6.3	113	6.3	141	8.3	178	5.4
10	57	5.1	43	7.1	76	7.9	143	20.4
11	98	2.8	91	5.2	89	3.5	113	4.3
12	53	3.8	67	3.2	94	1.9	93	4.3
13	117	2.9	108	5.5	116	3.4	129	10.9
14	117	1.6	110	11.6	113	7.6	118	23.3
15	91	1.9	94	8.0	92	5.9	94	5.3
16	80	8.7	105	4.5	109	4.6	127	5.2
17	100	5.3	87	9.1	106	7.6	156	24.7
18	56	3.3	82	2.4	87	2.5	80	3.1

Color	1	2	3
1	103	103	104
2	72	71	74
3	89	95	92
4	80	77	85
5	100	95	97
6	77	80	80
7	102	104	106
8	84	85	88
9	101	95	101
10	63	66	67
11	92	91	94
12	73	74	82
13	107	102	102
14	110	109	109
15	87	92	92
16	87	89	92
17	98	98	97
18	79	77	80

Color	1	2	3
1	103	103	104
2	72	71	74
3	89	95	92
4	80	77	85
5	100	95	97
6	77	80	80
7	102	104	106
8	84	85	88
9	101	95	101
10	63	66	67
11	92	91	94
12	73	74	82
13	107	102	102
14	110	109	109
15	87	92	92
16	87	89	92
17	98	98	97
18	79	77	80

Color	1	2	3
1	103	103	104
2	72	71	74
3	89	95	92
4	80	77	85
5	100	95	97
6	77	80	80
7	102	104	106
8	84	85	88
9	101	95	101
10	63	66	67
11	92	91	94
12	73	74	82
13	107	102	102
14	110	109	109
15	87	92	92
16	87	89	92
17	98	98	97
18	79	77	80

Color	1	2	3
1	103	103	104
2	72	71	74
3	89	95	92
4	80	77	85
5	100	95	97
6	77	80	80
7	102	104	106
8	84	85	88
9	101	95	101
10	63	66	67
11	92	91	94
12	73	74	82
13	107	102	102
14	110	109	109
15	87	92	92
16	87	89	92
17	98	98	97
18	79	77	80

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (13)

Tables (3)

Journal of the Optical Society of America

Color	1	2	3
1	103	103	104
2	72	71	74
3	89	95	92
4	80	77	85
5	100	95	97
6	77	80	80
7	102	104	106
8	84	85	88
9	101	95	101
10	63	66	67
11	92	91	94
12	73	74	82
13	107	102	102
14	110	109	109
15	87	92	92
16	87	89	92
17	98	98	97
18	79	77	80

Color	1	2	3
1	103	103	104
2	72	71	74
3	89	95	92
4	80	77	85
5	100	95	97
6	77	80	80
7	102	104	106
8	84	85	88
9	101	95	101
10	63	66	67
11	92	91	94
12	73	74	82
13	107	102	102
14	110	109	109
15	87	92	92
16	87	89	92
17	98	98	97
18	79	77	80