The Influence of Argon, Helium, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide on Emission Spectra in the D.C. Arc*

Bert L. Vallee; Charles B. Reimer; John R. Loofbourow

doi:10.1364/JOSA.40.000751

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 40,
Issue 11,
pp. 751-754
(1950)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.40.000751

The Influence of Argon, Helium, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide on Emission Spectra in the D.C. Arc

Bert L. Vallee, Charles B. Reimer, and John R. Loofbourow

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Bert L. Vallee, Charles B. Reimer, and John R. Loofbourow, "The Influence of Argon, Helium, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide on Emission Spectra in the D.C. Arc*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 40, 751-754 (1950)

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Abstract

A gas-tight arc stand has been constructed to study the influence of A, He, O₂, CO₂, and various mixtures of these gases on emission spectra produced in the d.c. arc. The band spectra of CN are replaced and it is found that in most lines studied the signal-to-noise ratio is better in A and He than in Air. A 2 to 100-fold increase in the signal to noise ratio has been observed. It is suggested that this technique may prove useful in spectrochemistry.

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		% T_B^a	% T_L^b	I_B^c	I_L^d	I_L−I_B^e	S/N^f
At 6 amp.	100% A	84	10.1	0.36	2.42	2.06	5.7
	3.3% O₂+96.7% A	89	18.8	0.28	1.71	1.46	5.2
	12.0% O₂+88% A	64	18.5	0.59	1.73	1.14	1.93
	29.0% O₂+71% A	29	14.0	1.27	2.00	0.73	0.58
	62.0% O₂+38% A	24	2.2	1.46	5.30	3.84	2.63
	3.6% CO₂+96.4% A	88	34.7	0.27	1.13	0.86	3.18
	10.7% CO₂+89.3% A	85	24.4	0.31	1.45	1.14	3.68
	30.0% CO₂+70% A	71	36.0	0.50	1.08	0.58	1.16
	63.0% CO₂+37% A	47	20.8	0.87	1.61	0.74	0.85
	100% CO₂	60	26.0	0.66	1.37	0.71	1.04
	100% He	99	99	0.18	0.18	0	0
	2.6% O₂+97.4% He	98	98	0.18	0.18	0	0
	9.4% O₂+90.6% He	97	97	0.18	0.18	0	0
	21.0% O₂+79% He	90	90	0.27	0.27	0	0
	52.0% O₂+48% He	80	80	0.39	0.39	0	0
	2.9% CO₂+97.1% He	98	98.0	0.19	0.19	0	0
	8.4% CO₂+91.6% He	98	98.0	0.19	0.19	0	0
	22.0% CO₂+78.0% He	97	97.0	0.20	0.20	0	0
	53.0% CO₂+47.0% He	90	80.8	0.26	0.36	0.1	0.38
	Air	50	25.6	0.81	1.4	0.61	0.75
	Air	75	43.6	0.43	0.9	0.47	1.09
At 15 amp.	Air	25	10.1	1.42	2.59	1.17	0.32
	100% He	87	77.7	0.29	0.41	0.12	0.41
	100% A	57	19.0	0.71	1.71	1.00	1.40
	100% CO₂	21	10.7	1.60	2.45	0.85	0.53
	20% O₂+80% He	83	75.8	0.34	0.43	0.09	0.26
	20% CO₂+80% He	78	56.6	0.40	0.72	0.32	0.80
	20% O₂+80% A	32	20.6	1.20	1.63	0.43	0.36
	20% CO₂+80% A	37	17.1	1.06	1.80	0.74	0.70

		% T_B	% T_L	I_B	I_L	I_L−I_B	S/N
At 6 amp.	100% A	100	68.4	—	0.54	0.54	∞
	3.3% O₂+96.7% A	100	38.5	—	1.06	1.06	∞
	12.0% O₂+88% A	98	9.2	1.16	2.54	2.43	21.00
	29.0% O₂+71% A	89	7.4	0.30	2.83	2.53	8.45
	62.0% O₂+38% A	84	7.8	0.35	2.74	2.39	6.85
	3.6% CO₂+96.4% A	97	44.8	0.20	0.91	0.71	3.55
	10.7% CO₂+89.3% A	100	32.2	0.10	1.20	1.10	11.00
	30.0% CO₂+70% A	94	15.2	0.23	1.99	1.76	7.65
	63.0% CO₂+37% A	88	7.8	0.27	3.00	2.73	10.00
	100% CO₂	94	23.4	0.23	1.50	1.27	5.50
	100% He	100	90.2	—	0.31	0.31	∞
	2.6% O₂+97.4% He	100	88.0	—	0.34	0.34	∞
	9.4% O₂+90.6% He	100	89.0	—	0.32	0.32	∞
	21.0% O₂+79% He	100	71.6	—	0.47	0.47	∞
	52.0% O₂+48% He	98	71.6	0.18	0.47	0.29	1.6
	2.9% CO₂+97.1% He	100.0	82.6	0.10	0.34	0.24	2.40
	8.4% CO₂+91.6% He	99.5	94.0	0.10	0.23	0.13	1.30
	22.0% CO₂+78.0% He	97.0	81.5	0.20	0.36	0.16	0.80
	53.0% CO₂+47.0% He	98.0	52.5	0.15	0.19	0.64	4.30
	Air	93.0	4.9	0.24	3.90	3.66	15.10
	Air	91.2	20.0	0.29	1.89	1.60	5.52
At 15 amp.	Air	86	32.2	0.30	1.24	0.94	3.13
	100% He	98	41.0	0.19	0.99	0.80	4.20
	100% A	96	22.0	0.21	1.55	1.34	6.55
	100% CO₂	77	14.1	0.42	2.08	1.66	3.96
	20% O₂+80% He	98	68.8	0.19	0.57	0.38	2.00
	20% CO₂+80% He	97	33.0	0.20	1.22	1.02	5.10
	20% O₂+80% A	86	15.2	0.30	1.90	1.60	5.35
	20% CO₂+80% A	86	12.8	0.30	2.20	1.90	6.35

		% T_B^a	% T_L^b	I_B^c	I_L^d	I_L−I_B^e	S/N^f
At 6 amp.	100% A	84	10.1	0.36	2.42	2.06	5.7
	3.3% O₂+96.7% A	89	18.8	0.28	1.71	1.46	5.2
	12.0% O₂+88% A	64	18.5	0.59	1.73	1.14	1.93
	29.0% O₂+71% A	29	14.0	1.27	2.00	0.73	0.58
	62.0% O₂+38% A	24	2.2	1.46	5.30	3.84	2.63
	3.6% CO₂+96.4% A	88	34.7	0.27	1.13	0.86	3.18
	10.7% CO₂+89.3% A	85	24.4	0.31	1.45	1.14	3.68
	30.0% CO₂+70% A	71	36.0	0.50	1.08	0.58	1.16
	63.0% CO₂+37% A	47	20.8	0.87	1.61	0.74	0.85
	100% CO₂	60	26.0	0.66	1.37	0.71	1.04
	100% He	99	99	0.18	0.18	0	0
	2.6% O₂+97.4% He	98	98	0.18	0.18	0	0
	9.4% O₂+90.6% He	97	97	0.18	0.18	0	0
	21.0% O₂+79% He	90	90	0.27	0.27	0	0
	52.0% O₂+48% He	80	80	0.39	0.39	0	0
	2.9% CO₂+97.1% He	98	98.0	0.19	0.19	0	0
	8.4% CO₂+91.6% He	98	98.0	0.19	0.19	0	0
	22.0% CO₂+78.0% He	97	97.0	0.20	0.20	0	0
	53.0% CO₂+47.0% He	90	80.8	0.26	0.36	0.1	0.38
	Air	50	25.6	0.81	1.4	0.61	0.75
	Air	75	43.6	0.43	0.9	0.47	1.09
At 15 amp.	Air	25	10.1	1.42	2.59	1.17	0.32
	100% He	87	77.7	0.29	0.41	0.12	0.41
	100% A	57	19.0	0.71	1.71	1.00	1.40
	100% CO₂	21	10.7	1.60	2.45	0.85	0.53
	20% O₂+80% He	83	75.8	0.34	0.43	0.09	0.26
	20% CO₂+80% He	78	56.6	0.40	0.72	0.32	0.80
	20% O₂+80% A	32	20.6	1.20	1.63	0.43	0.36
	20% CO₂+80% A	37	17.1	1.06	1.80	0.74	0.70

		% T_B	% T_L	I_B	I_L	I_L−I_B	S/N
At 6 amp.	100% A	100	68.4	—	0.54	0.54	∞
	3.3% O₂+96.7% A	100	38.5	—	1.06	1.06	∞
	12.0% O₂+88% A	98	9.2	1.16	2.54	2.43	21.00
	29.0% O₂+71% A	89	7.4	0.30	2.83	2.53	8.45
	62.0% O₂+38% A	84	7.8	0.35	2.74	2.39	6.85
	3.6% CO₂+96.4% A	97	44.8	0.20	0.91	0.71	3.55
	10.7% CO₂+89.3% A	100	32.2	0.10	1.20	1.10	11.00
	30.0% CO₂+70% A	94	15.2	0.23	1.99	1.76	7.65
	63.0% CO₂+37% A	88	7.8	0.27	3.00	2.73	10.00
	100% CO₂	94	23.4	0.23	1.50	1.27	5.50
	100% He	100	90.2	—	0.31	0.31	∞
	2.6% O₂+97.4% He	100	88.0	—	0.34	0.34	∞
	9.4% O₂+90.6% He	100	89.0	—	0.32	0.32	∞
	21.0% O₂+79% He	100	71.6	—	0.47	0.47	∞
	52.0% O₂+48% He	98	71.6	0.18	0.47	0.29	1.6
	2.9% CO₂+97.1% He	100.0	82.6	0.10	0.34	0.24	2.40
	8.4% CO₂+91.6% He	99.5	94.0	0.10	0.23	0.13	1.30
	22.0% CO₂+78.0% He	97.0	81.5	0.20	0.36	0.16	0.80
	53.0% CO₂+47.0% He	98.0	52.5	0.15	0.19	0.64	4.30
	Air	93.0	4.9	0.24	3.90	3.66	15.10
	Air	91.2	20.0	0.29	1.89	1.60	5.52
At 15 amp.	Air	86	32.2	0.30	1.24	0.94	3.13
	100% He	98	41.0	0.19	0.99	0.80	4.20
	100% A	96	22.0	0.21	1.55	1.34	6.55
	100% CO₂	77	14.1	0.42	2.08	1.66	3.96
	20% O₂+80% He	98	68.8	0.19	0.57	0.38	2.00
	20% CO₂+80% He	97	33.0	0.20	1.22	1.02	5.10
	20% O₂+80% A	86	15.2	0.30	1.90	1.60	5.35
	20% CO₂+80% A	86	12.8	0.30	2.20	1.90	6.35

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Journal of the Optical Society of America