Abstract

We investigate the effect of coexisting transverse modes on the operation of self-mixing sensors based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The effect of multiple transverse modes on the measurement of displacement and distance were examined by simulation and in laboratory experiment. The simulation model shows that the periodic change in the shape and magnitude of the self-mixing signal with modulation current can be properly explained by the different frequency-modulation coefficients of the respective transverse modes in VCSELs. The simulation results are in excellent agreement with measurements performed on single-mode and multimode VCSELs and on self-mixing sensors based on these VCSELs.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

Parallel self-mixing imaging system based on an array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

John R. Tucker, Johnathon L. Baque, Yah Leng Lim, Andrei V. Zvyagin, and Aleksandar D. Rakić
Appl. Opt. 46(25) 6237-6246 (2007)

Transverse-mode selection and noise properties of external-cavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers including multiple-reflection effects

J. Dellunde, A. Valle, L. Pesquera, and K. A. Shore
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16(11) 2131-2139 (1999)

Impact of relative intensity noise of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers on optics-based micromachined audio and seismic sensors

Robert Littrell, Neal A. Hall, Murat Okandan, Roy Olsson, and Darwin Serkland
Appl. Opt. 46(28) 6907-6911 (2007)

Solving self-mixing equations for arbitrary feedback levels: a concise algorithm

Russell Kliese, Thomas Taimre, A. Ashrif A. Bakar, Yah Leng Lim, Karl Bertling, Milan Nikolić, Julien Perchoux, Thierry Bosch, and Aleksandar D. Rakić
Appl. Opt. 53(17) 3723-3736 (2014)

Self-mixing in multi-transverse mode semiconductor lasers: model and potential application to multi-parametric sensing

L. Columbo, M. Brambilla, M. Dabbicco, and G. Scamarcio
Opt. Express 20(6) 6286-6305 (2012)