Abstract
Values of the transmittance T s and the phase retardation Δ were recorded in situ at two angles during the growth of thin films of tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide for deposition angles θν in the range 40°–70°. Column angles for the same films were determined ex situ from scanning electron microscopy photographs of deposition-plane fractures. We show that the experimental column angles are smaller than the corresponding values predicted by the tangent-rule equation ψ = tan-1(0.5 tan θν) and that the experimental values fit a modified form of the equation ψ = tan-1 (E 1 tan θν) where E 1 is less than 0.5. We also show that the principal refractive indices are represented well by quadratic functions of the deposition angle, for example, n 1(θν) = A 0 + A 2 θν 2.
© 1998 Optical Society of America
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