Measured signal amplitude distributions for a coherent FM-cw CO<sub>2</sub> laser radar

Dietmar Letalick; Ingmar Renhorn; Ove Steinvall

doi:10.1364/AO.25.003927

Applied Optics
Vol. 25,
Issue 21,
pp. 3927-3938
(1986)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.25.003927

Measured signal amplitude distributions for a coherent FM-cw CO₂ laser radar

Dietmar Letalick, Ingmar Renhorn, and Ove Steinvall

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Dietmar Letalick, Ingmar Renhorn, and Ove Steinvall, "Measured signal amplitude distributions for a coherent FM-cw CO₂ laser radar," Appl. Opt. 25, 3927-3938 (1986)

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Abstract

Measurements of signal amplitude distributions with a FM-cw CO₂ laser radar have various targets in both imaging and staring modes. Data show good agreement with theoretical distributions. From the measurements conclusions are drawn about the atmospheric- as well as target-induced effects. Beam wandering effects are shown to be of importance in the staring mode.

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L _(m)	$\frac{x_{0}}{w_{0}}$ ^(a)	$\frac{x_{0}^{'}}{w_{0}}$ ^(b)	$σ_{z}^{2}$ ^(a)	$σ_{ln z}^{2}$ ^(b,c)	${(\frac{σ_{b w}}{w_{0}})}^{2}$ ^(b)	${\bar{C}}_{n}^{2}$ ^(b)m^−2/3
200	0		0.0007(2)	0.006(2)		1.3(3) × 10⁻¹³
	0.95	1.01(2)	0.097(4)	0.096(10)	0.023(9)	—
	1.63	1.51(1)	0.16(6)	0.15(2)	0.016(9)	—
600	0	—	0.007(3)	0.006(2)	—	1.7(5) × 10⁻¹⁴
	1.08	1.32(1)	0.14(8)	0.13(6)	0.018(8)	—
2000	0	—	0.030(9)	0.028(9)	—	9(3) × 10⁻¹⁵
	1.35	1.14(2)	0.11(7)	0.12(4)	0.022(8)	—

Back ground	Beam incidence	Standard deviation	Diffuse reflectance (ρ)	Comments
Spruce tree	Normal (θ ≃ 90°)	0.29–0.37	0.008–0.023
Deciduous tree		0.31–0.53	0.01–0.14	High value on ρ for deleaved trees
Grass	Oblique (θ ~ 45°	0.39–0.47	0.003 → 0.02	Wet → Dry
Rocks	Normal	0.37–0.70	0.033–0.18	Dry
Sand	—	0.35–0.48	0.02–0.06	Dry
Snow	—	—	0.004 → 0.04	Wet → dry
Asphalt	Obl/normal	0.38	0.01 → 0.08	Oblique (θ ~ 1°) → normal incidence

Background type	a	c
Grass (3 samples)	1.08(±0.01)	1.64(±0.10)
Spruce trees (4)	1.07(±0.04)	1.93(±0.06)
Deciduous trees (7)	1.14(±0.03)	1.57(±0.19)
Rocks (5)	1.13(±0.06)	1.64(±0.18)

L _(m)	$\frac{x_{0}}{w_{0}}$ ^(a)	$\frac{x_{0}^{'}}{w_{0}}$ ^(b)	$σ_{z}^{2}$ ^(a)	$σ_{ln z}^{2}$ ^(b,c)	${(\frac{σ_{b w}}{w_{0}})}^{2}$ ^(b)	${\bar{C}}_{n}^{2}$ ^(b)m^−2/3
200	0		0.0007(2)	0.006(2)		1.3(3) × 10⁻¹³
	0.95	1.01(2)	0.097(4)	0.096(10)	0.023(9)	—
	1.63	1.51(1)	0.16(6)	0.15(2)	0.016(9)	—
600	0	—	0.007(3)	0.006(2)	—	1.7(5) × 10⁻¹⁴
	1.08	1.32(1)	0.14(8)	0.13(6)	0.018(8)	—
2000	0	—	0.030(9)	0.028(9)	—	9(3) × 10⁻¹⁵
	1.35	1.14(2)	0.11(7)	0.12(4)	0.022(8)	—

Back ground	Beam incidence	Standard deviation	Diffuse reflectance (ρ)	Comments
Spruce tree	Normal (θ ≃ 90°)	0.29–0.37	0.008–0.023
Deciduous tree		0.31–0.53	0.01–0.14	High value on ρ for deleaved trees
Grass	Oblique (θ ~ 45°	0.39–0.47	0.003 → 0.02	Wet → Dry
Rocks	Normal	0.37–0.70	0.033–0.18	Dry
Sand	—	0.35–0.48	0.02–0.06	Dry
Snow	—	—	0.004 → 0.04	Wet → dry
Asphalt	Obl/normal	0.38	0.01 → 0.08	Oblique (θ ~ 1°) → normal incidence

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Applied Optics