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Loss analysis of laser-fiber coupling and fiber combiner, and its application to wavelength division multiplexing

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Abstract

The combination of index-guided laser diodes and wavelength-independent multiplexers is shown to be the best choice for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. Such a transmitter end of a four-channel WDM system will only cause an insertion loss of 1.5 dB or less (laser-fiber coupling plus multiplexer), which is hard to obtain with wavelength-selective multiplexing. In the case of gain-guided lasers it will depend on the number of channels and wavelength separation whether or not wavelength-independent multiplexing is preferable. To include all types of laser diode we had to extend laser-fiber coupling theory to astigmatic laser diodes. The surprisingly simple exact relations based on Gaussian beam analysis show that the usual gain-guided lasers (astigmatism of ~20 μm) are not able with symmetric lenses to launch more than ~20% of their power into a single-mode fiber, whereas an index-guided laser with the same far-field divergence couples ~85%.

© 1982 Optical Society of America

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Corrections

A. Nicia, "Loss analysis of laser-fiber coupling and fiber combiner, and its application to wavelength division multiplexing: errata," Appl. Opt. 22, 1801-1801 (1983)
https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-22-12-1801

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